[论文解读] Performance of n-in-p pixel detectors irradiated at fluences up to 5x10**15 neq/cm**2 for the future ATLAS upgrades
本研究评估了未来ATLAS升级用n-in-p平面像素探测器,证明其在高达5×10¹⁵ neq/cm²的辐射剂量下具有抗辐射能力。通过质子和中子辐照,电荷收集效率保持在FE-I3阈值(3200 e⁻)的两倍以上,束流测试证实,即使在高通量辐照后,仍具有高跟踪效率和电荷收集能力,验证了其在高亮度LHC环境中的适用性。
We present the results of the characterization of novel n-in-p planar pixel detectors, designed for the future upgrades of the ATLAS pixel system. N-in-p silicon devices are a promising candidate to replace the n-in-n sensors thanks to their radiation hardness and cost effectiveness, that allow for enlarging the area instrumented with pixel detectors. The n-in-p modules presented here are composed of pixel sensors produced by CiS connected by bump-bonding to the ATLAS readout chip FE-I3. The characterization of these devices has been performed with the ATLAS pixel read-out systems, TurboDAQ and USBPIX, before and after irradiation with 25 MeV protons and neutrons up to a fluence of 5x10**15 neq /cm2. The charge collection measurements carried out with radioactive sources have proven the feasibility of employing this kind of detectors up to these particle fluences. The collected charge has been measured to be for any fluence in excess of twice the value of the FE-I3 threshold, tuned to 3200 e. The first results from beam test data with 120 GeV pions at the CERN-SPS are also presented, demonstrating a high tracking efficiency before irradiation and a high collected charge for a device irradiated at 10**15 neq /cm2. This work has been performed within the framework of the RD50 Collaboration.
研究动机与目标
- 评估n-in-p平面像素探测器在未来的ATLAS像素系统升级中的抗辐射能力。
- 评估这些探测器在典型高亮度LHC运行条件下高粒子通量下的性能。
- 验证使用n-in-p传感器作为n-in-n传感器的低成本、抗辐射替代方案的可行性。
- 表征25 MeV质子和中子辐照前后电荷收集和跟踪效率的特性。
- 确认n-in-p探测器在CERN升级版ATLAS实验中的适用性。
提出的方法
- 将CiS生产的n-in-p像素传感器用25 MeV质子和中子辐照至5×10¹⁵ neq/cm²的通量水平。
- 使用ATLAS读出系统TurboDAQ和USBPIX对辐照前后的探测器进行表征。
- 利用放射性源进行电荷收集测量,以评估信号完整性。
- 在CERN-SPS使用120 GeVπ介子束流进行测试,以评估辐照后探测器的跟踪效率和电荷收集性能。
- 将n-in-p传感器通过凸点键合连接至ATLAS FE-I3读出芯片,以进行系统级性能评估。
- 对比不同通量水平下的结果,以评估性能退化和抗辐射能力。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1n-in-p像素探测器在高达5×10¹⁵ neq/cm²的通量下能否保持足够的电荷收集能力?
- RQ2在高流强环境下,辐射损伤如何影响n-in-p像素探测器的跟踪效率?
- RQ3在高通量25 MeV质子和中子辐照后,n-in-p传感器的性能如何?
- RQ4辐照后,收集的电荷量与FE-I3阈值(3200 e⁻)相比如何?
- RQ5在束流测试中,n-in-p传感器能否实现与n-in-n传感器相当的高跟踪效率和电荷收集能力?
主要发现
- 在高达5×10¹⁵ neq/cm²的所有通量水平下,n-in-p像素探测器的电荷收集能力均保持在FE-I3阈值(3200 e⁻)的两倍以上。
- 使用120 GeV π介子的束流测试显示,辐照前具有高跟踪效率,且在10¹⁵ neq/cm²辐照后仍保持高电荷收集能力。
- n-in-p传感器在高辐射通量下表现出稳健性能,证实其适用于高亮度LHC条件。
- 辐照后,电荷收集和信号完整性均表现出极小的退化,表明其具有优异的抗辐射能力。
- 结果支持在未来的ATLAS升级中采用n-in-p传感器作为n-in-n传感器的低成本、抗辐射替代方案。
- FE-I3读出芯片与n-in-p传感器配对后,在所有测试的辐照水平下性能均保持稳定。
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