[论文解读] Performances of a GNSS receiver for space-based applications

Arnaud Dion, Vincent Calmettes+2 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 24, 2018

GNSS positioning and interference参考文献 3被引用 6

一句话总结

本文评估了一款可重构GNSS接收机在地球同步轨道（GEO）应用中的性能，该接收机能够同时跟踪GPS与伽利略信号，显著提升了定位可用性和导航解的连续性。通过采用双系统跟踪技术，接收机实现了更强的信号捕获能力和更高的导航解可靠性，从而在减少对地面基础设施依赖的前提下，实现卫星自主定点保持。

ABSTRACT

Space Vehicle (SV) life span depends on its station keeping capability. Station keeping is the ability of the vehicle to maintain position and orientation. Due to external perturbations, the trajectory of the SV derives from the ideal orbit. Actual positioning systems for satellites are mainly based on ground equipment, which means heavy infrastructures. Autonomous positioning and navigation systems using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) can then represent a great reduction in platform design and operating costs. Studies have been carried out and the first operational systems, based on GPS receivers, become available. But better availability of service could be obtained considering a receiver able to process GPS and Galileo signals. Indeed Galileo system will be compatible with the current and the modernized GPS system in terms of signals representation and navigation data. The greater availability obtained with such a receiver would allow significant increase of the number of point solutions and performance enhancement. For a mid-term perspective Thales Alenia Space finances a PhD to develop the concept of a reconfigurable receiver able to deal with both the GPS system and the future Galileo system. In this context, the aim of this paper is to assess the performances of a receiver designed for Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) applications. It is shown that high improvements are obtained with a receiver designed to track both GPS and Galileo satellites. The performance assessments have been used to define the specifications of the future satellite GNSS receiver.

研究动机与目标

• 评估专为地球同步轨道（GEO）应用中自主导航而设计的GNSS接收机的性能。
• 评估在单一可重构接收机中集成GPS与伽利略信号处理的益处。
• 通过多系统星座跟踪识别在信号可用性、解连续性和定位精度方面的性能提升。
• 基于实测性能评估，定义面向未来飞行级GNSS接收机的技术规格。

提出的方法

• 设计并仿真支持GPS与伽利略信号的可重构GNSS接收机架构。
• 实现GPS与伽利略星座中传统信号与现代化信号的信号处理链。
• 在典型的GEO信号条件下（包括多普勒频移和信噪比）评估性能。
• 利用仿真与真实场景的跟踪测试，评估定位解的可用性与导航解的连续性。
• 将接收机性能与仅使用GPS的单系统运行模式在解速率与可用性方面进行基准对比。
• 应用载波噪声功率谱密度估计与载波相位跟踪等信号处理技术，提升跟踪鲁棒性。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 双GPS/伽利略信号跟踪如何提升地球同步轨道中GNSS解的可用性？
• RQ2 与仅使用GPS的接收机相比，多系统星座接收机在解连续性与定位精度方面实现了哪些性能提升？
• RQ3 在GEO轨道上跟踪伽利略信号面临的主要挑战是什么？如何在可重构接收机设计中加以缓解？
• RQ4 多系统星座能力在多大程度上减少了对地面站定点保持系统的依赖？
• RQ5 面向GEO任务的飞行级GNSS接收机，其关键技术规格应如何确定？

主要发现

• 与仅使用GPS的运行相比，双GPS/伽利略接收机显著增加了可用定位解的数量。
• 更高的信号可用性使得导航解更频繁且更可靠，从而增强了卫星定点保持的自主性。
• 该接收机在典型的GEO信号条件下（包括高多普勒频移与低信噪比）表现出稳健的跟踪性能。
• 伽利略信号的集成提供了冗余与抗干扰能力，降低了导航解中断的风险。
• 性能评估结果直接指导了未来飞行级GNSS接收机的规格制定。
• 研究结果证实，多系统星座能力对于实现GEO导航的高可用性与高可靠性至关重要。