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[论文解读] Phase-Field Modeling of Coupled Brittle-Ductile Fracture in Aluminum Alloys

Samad Vakili, Pratheek Shanthraj|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 29, 2022
Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究开发了一种热力学一致的耦合晶体塑性-相场模型,用于模拟Mg₂Si析出相强化铝合金中的脆性-延性断裂。结果表明,析出相的形貌与取向对损伤模式具有决定性影响:当椭球形析出相垂直于加载方向时,可最大化脱粘过程中的延性;而当其平行于加载方向时,可增强裂纹扩展过程中的抗裂纹能力。随着基体断裂能的增加,失效模式由脱粘向裂纹扩展转变。

ABSTRACT

Fracture in aluminum alloys with precipitates involves at least two mechanisms, namely, ductile fracture of the aluminum-rich matrix and brittle fracture of the precipitates. In this work, a coupled crystal plasticity-phase field model for mixed ductile-brittle failure modes is formulated and used to investigate the effect of precipitate morphology and size distribution on damage evolution in aluminum alloys. A thermodynamically consistent framework for elastic and plastic work dissipation in the fracture process zone is used to formulate the coupled constitutive behavior for brittle and ductile damage, respectively. Representative Volume Elements (RVE) with varying particle morphology and orientation were generated and their uni-axial loading was simulated to assess the damage resistance of the different model microstructures. For critical energy release rate $G_c$ values of the aluminum matrix ranging from 4 to 8~Jm$^{-2}$ for single crystals and from 10 to 16~Jm$^{-2}$ for polycrystals, the model predicts a change in failure modes from particle debonding to cracking followed by ductile matrix failure. The change of particle failure mechanism as a result of increased $G_c$ is observed for both, single and polycrystalline model microstructures. For the case of particle debonding, microstructures with circular or ellipsoidal particles (with the major axis perpendicular to the loading direction) show a higher ductility and fracture work compared to the other studied cases. In the case of particle cracking, microstructures with ellipsoidal particles aligned parallel to the loading axis show a higher ductility and fracture work among the investigated cases. The simulations qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed particle failure mechanisms (cracking and debonding) for two different matrix alloy classes (commercially pure and 2xxx alloys) reinforced with ceramic particles.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种耦合晶体塑性-相场模型,用于模拟含析出相的铝合金中混合脆性-延性断裂行为。
  • 研究析出相形貌、尺寸分布及取向对损伤演化与抗裂纹能力的影响。
  • 确定基体临界能量释放率(Gc)变化下,析出相脱粘与裂纹扩展之间的转变行为。
  • 再现不同铝合金系列中实验观测到的失效机制——脱粘与裂纹扩展。
  • 量化析出相拓扑结构对单晶与多晶微结构中断裂应变、断裂功及断裂强度的影响。

提出的方法

  • 采用热力学一致的框架,耦合脆性(析出相)与塑性(基体)损伤区的弹性与塑性耗散功。
  • 生成含圆形与椭球形析出相的代表性体积元(RVEs),并改变析出相相对于加载轴的取向。
  • 对单晶与多晶微结构进行单轴拉伸模拟,控制基体Gc值(4–8 J/m²)与析出相Gc值(10–16 J/m²)。
  • 相场变量追踪基体与析出相中裂纹形核与扩展过程,采用针对脆性与延性失效的独立损伤演化定律。
  • 从应力-应变曲线中提取断裂应变、断裂功与断裂强度,以量化力学性能。
  • 将模型与商业纯铝及2xxx系铝合金中析出相脱粘与裂纹的实验观测结果进行验证。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1铝基体的临界能量释放率如何影响主导损伤起始机制——析出相脱粘还是裂纹扩展?
  • RQ2析出相形状(圆形与椭球形)及其相对于加载方向的取向如何影响断裂应变与断裂功?
  • RQ3何种微结构构型可使含析出相的铝合金实现最大损伤抗力?
  • RQ4在不同Gc条件下,单晶与多晶微结构在失效模式转变方面有何差异?
  • RQ5该模型能否定量再现不同铝合金体系中实验观测到的失效机制,如析出相脱粘与裂纹扩展?

主要发现

  • 当基体Gc值在4–8 J/m²(单晶)与10–16 J/m²(多晶)范围内时,随着Gc增加,失效模式由析出相/基体脱粘向析出相裂纹扩展转变。
  • 在脱粘区,垂直于加载方向的圆形与椭球形析出相表现出最高的断裂应变与断裂功。
  • 在裂纹扩展区,平行于加载方向的椭球形析出相在所有构型中表现出最高的断裂应变与断裂功。
  • 该模型成功再现了实验观测到的双重失效机制:在商业纯铝中为析出相脱粘,在2xxx系铝合金中为析出相裂纹扩展。
  • 对于基体Gc^Al-M = 16 J/m²的多晶微结构,平行于加载轴的椭球形析出相实现最高的断裂应变与断裂功,与单晶结果一致。
  • 裂纹起源于Mg₂Si析出相的脆性断裂,随后向铝基体中扩展,与模拟与实验结果一致。

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