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[论文解读] Phase Noise Estimation for Uncoded/Coded SISO and MIMO Systems

Arif Önder Isikman, Hani Mehrpouyan|arXiv (Cornell University)|Oct 23, 2012
Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques参考文献 32被引用 3
一句话总结

该论文提出了一种基于期望最大化(EM)框架和扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的低复杂度、迭代式接收机算法,用于在非编码和编码的单输入单输出(SISO)与多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中联合估计相位噪声并检测数据。主要贡献是一种基于EKF的EM算法,在低至中等信噪比(SNR)下实现了近乎完美的相位噪声补偿,其性能接近于理想情况下已知相位噪声的性能,尤其是在使用低码率LDPC码以提升软判决质量时表现更优。

ABSTRACT

Non-ideal oscillators both at the transmitter and the receiver introduces time varying phase noise which interacts with the transmitted data in a non-linear fashion. Phase noise becomes a detrimental problem and needs to be estimated and compensated. In this thesis receiver algorithms are derived and evaluated to mitigate the effects of the phase noise in digital communication systems. In Chapter 3 phase noise estimation in single-input single-output (SISO) systems is investigated. First, a hard decision directed extended Kalman filter (EKF) is applied to an uncoded system. Next, an iterative receiver algorithm performing code-aided turbo synchronization is derived using the expectation maximization (EM) framework for a coded system. Two soft-decision directed estimators in the literature based on Kalman filtering are evaluated. Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are proposed to calculate marginal a posteriori probabilities and to construct soft decision symbols. Error rate performance of both estimators are compared through simulations. In Chapter 4 phase noise estimation in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems is investigated. First, a low complexity hard decision directed EKF is applied to an uncoded system. Next, a new receiver algorithm based on the EM framework for joint estimation and detection in coded MIMO systems is proposed. A low complexity soft decision directed extended Kalman filter and smoother (EKFS) that tracks the phase noise parameters over a frame is proposed in order to carry out the maximization step. The proposed EKFS based approach is combined with an iterative detector that utilizes bit interleaved coded modulation and employs LDPC codes. Finally, simulation results confirm that the error rate performance of the proposed EM-based approach is close to the scenario of perfect knowledge of phase noise at low-to-medium signal-to-noise ratios.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决时变相位噪声对高速数字通信系统(尤其是高频微波回传链路)的负面影响。
  • 开发低复杂度、迭代式接收机算法,用于在SISO和MIMO系统中联合估计相位噪声并检测发送符号。
  • 评估并比较软判决导向估计器(KS-MLA和EKS)在不同系统参数(如块长和调制阶数)下的性能。
  • 将基于EM的框架扩展至使用比特交织编码调制(BICM)和LDPC码的编码MIMO系统,以提升可靠性。
  • 研究在实际系统设计中,性能、复杂度与编码率之间的权衡关系。

提出的方法

  • 推导一种硬判决导向的扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF),用于在非编码SISO和MIMO系统中跟踪相位噪声。
  • 提出一种用于编码SISO系统的迭代EM接收机,利用E步计算后验概率,M步通过软判决导向的EKF-S(EKFS)更新相位噪声估计。
  • 采用LDPC码计算软判决符号的后验边际概率,以提升估计精度。
  • 引入一种低复杂度的软判决导向EKF与平滑器(EKFS),用于在编码MIMO系统中联合实现相位噪声跟踪与数据检测。
  • 采用比特交织编码调制(BICM)结合LDPC译码,生成可靠的软判决结果,用于迭代相位噪声估计。
  • 通过计算机仿真评估不同信噪比(SNR)和相位噪声方差水平下的误比特率(BER)、帧错误率(FER)以及相位噪声估计的均方误差(MSE)。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1软判决导向估计器(KS-MLA和EKS)的性能如何受块长和调制阶数等系统参数的影响?
  • RQ2基于EM的迭代接收机结合EKFS是否能在编码SISO和MIMO系统中实现近乎完美的相位噪声补偿?
  • RQ3编码率和译码迭代次数对相位噪声估计精度与误码率性能有何影响?
  • RQ4所提出的EKFS算法在EM迭代过程中的估计精度如何演变?其收敛特性如何?
  • RQ5相位噪声估计误差在多大程度上影响整体系统性能?可通过何种接收机设计进行缓解?

主要发现

  • 基于EKFS的EM算法在低至中等SNR下,可在编码MIMO系统中实现近乎完美的相位噪声补偿,性能接近于理想情况下的完美相位噪声知识。
  • 当相位噪声创新方差较大或块长较长时,KS-MLA估计器因软判决不可靠而性能显著下降,而EKS在该条件下表现更优。
  • FER性能随每次EM迭代而降低,表明联合估计与检测有效;但若未完全收敛,比特错误数可能不会单调减少。
  • 在高SNR下出现误码地板,可通过增加译码迭代次数或降低编码率以提升软判决可靠性来缓解。
  • 使用低码率LDPC码可显著改善FER性能,主要得益于软判决质量的提升,尽管会以牺牲频谱效率为代价。
  • 所提出的EKFS-based算法在广泛的相位噪声方差范围内表现出强鲁棒性,适用于实际高频MIMO系统。

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