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[论文解读] Physics-informed neural networks for non-Newtonian fluid thermo-mechanical problems: an application to rubber calendering process

Thi Nguyen Khoa Nguyen, Thibault Dairay|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 31, 2022
Model Reduction and Neural Networks参考文献 46被引用 39
一句话总结

该论文将物理信息神经网络(PINNs)应用于橡胶压延中的非牛顿流体热-机械问题,利用部分传感器数据推断完整的速度、压力和温度场,并识别未知物理参数。即使在测量噪声和病态边界条件下,PINNs仍能以高精度重建隐藏的物理规律并估计参数,展现出在工业规模模拟中的鲁棒性和适应性。

ABSTRACT

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have gained much attention in various fields of engineering thanks to their capability of incorporating physical laws into the models. However, the assessment of PINNs in industrial applications involving coupling between mechanical and thermal fields is still an active research topic. In this work, we present an application of PINNs to a non-Newtonian fluid thermo-mechanical problem which is often considered in the rubber calendering process. We demonstrate the effectiveness of PINNs when dealing with inverse and ill-posed problems, which are impractical to be solved by classical numerical discretization methods. We study the impact of the placement of the sensors and the distribution of unsupervised points on the performance of PINNs in a problem of inferring hidden physical fields from some partial data. We also investigate the capability of PINNs to identify unknown physical parameters from the measurements captured by sensors. The effect of noisy measurements is also considered throughout this work. The results of this paper demonstrate that in the problem of identification, PINNs can successfully estimate the unknown parameters using only the measurements on the sensors. In ill-posed problems where boundary conditions are not completely defined, even though the placement of the sensors and the distribution of unsupervised points have a great impact on PINNs performance, we show that the algorithm is able to infer the hidden physics from local measurements.

研究动机与目标

  • 展示PINNs在橡胶压延中复杂工业级非牛顿流体热-机械问题中的应用。
  • 研究传感器布置和配点分布对PINN在病态逆问题中性能的影响。
  • 评估PINN在从噪声测量中识别未知物理参数时的鲁棒性。
  • 比较不同神经网络架构(如Rowdy Net、自适应激活函数)在求解耦合PDE时的PINN性能。
  • 通过与高保真有限元模拟对比,验证PINN预测的准确性与收敛性。

提出的方法

  • 使用结合监督数据(温度传感器测量值)、边界/初始条件及PDE残差约束的损失函数训练PINNs。
  • 控制方程包括用于不可压缩非牛顿流的广义Stokes方程和热传导方程,通过温度依赖的黏度实现耦合。
  • 通过有限元网格策略性地布置配点,以提高在高梯度区域的精度,而非采用随机采样。
  • 采用局部自适应激活函数(L-LAAFs、N-LAAFs)和深度Kronecker网络(Rowdy Net)以增强模型表达能力与收敛性。
  • 通过在传感器数据中引入不相关的高斯噪声来测试鲁棒性,同时延长训练时间(最多200,000个周期)以确保收敛。
  • 采用高保真有限元求解器提供参考解,用于定量比较PINN预测结果。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1传感器布置如何影响PINN从部分温度测量中推断完整热-机械场的性能?
  • RQ2在病态问题中,配点分布(随机 vs. 基于网格)对PINN精度有何影响?
  • RQ3PINNs能否从噪声传感器数据中准确识别未知物理参数(如1/Pe、Br/Pe、λ)?
  • RQ4像Rowdy Net和自适应激活函数这样的先进架构如何提升PINN在复杂流体问题中的性能?
  • RQ5当边界条件不完整且测量数据受噪声污染时,PINNs在多大程度上能保持精度?

主要发现

  • 即使在边界条件不完整的情况下,PINNs仅通过温度传感器数据也成功推断出完整的速度、压力和温度场。
  • Case 1和Case 3传感器配置(在入口/出口和侧边界布置传感器)的性能略优于Case 2(仅在入口/出口线布置传感器),但Case 2仍达到高精度。
  • 使用基于有限元网格生成的配点显著提高了预测精度,尤其在高梯度区域,优于纯随机采样。
  • 即使传感器数据中存在10%的高斯噪声,PINNs对未知参数(1/Pe、Br/Pe、λ)的预测值分别为3.77e-03、1.16e-01和1.94e+01,与参考值(4.00e-03、1.20e-01、2.00e+01)非常接近。
  • 采用Rowdy Net和自适应激活函数可提升收敛性并降低相对误差,从而整体提高模型精度。
  • 尽管在某些情况下预测结果在定性上令人满意,但观察到较高的相对误差,表明需要基于物理模态(如POD/DMD)的误差度量以实现更优评估。

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