[论文解读] Physics of Extreme Gravitomagnetic and Gravity-Like Fields for Novel Space Propulsion and Energy Generation

Jochem Häuser, Walter Dröscher|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 16, 2011

Astro and Planetary Science参考文献 11被引用 4

一句话总结

本文研究了在低温旋转超导环和圆盘中测量到的异常、极端的引力磁效应——其强度比广义相对论预测的高出18个数量级——表明存在一种新颖的非牛顿引力机制。若得到证实，这些场可能实现类似引力的推进与能量生成，挑战现有的广义相对论模型，并暗示引力工程的新物理机制。

ABSTRACT

In 2006 Tajmar et al. reported on the measurements of extreme gravitomagnetic fields from small Nb rings at cryogenic temperatures that are about 18 orders of magnitude larger than gravitomagnetic fields obtained from GR (general relativity). Cifuolini in 2004 and the NASA-Stanford Gravity Probe-B experiment in 2007 confirmed the Lense-Thirring effect as predicted by GR (gravitomagnetic fields generated by a rotating massive body, i.e. Earth) within some 10%. In 2007 gravitomagnetic fields generated by a rotating cryogenic lead disk were measured by Graham et al. Though these measurements were not conclusive (the accuracy of the laser gyrometer was not sufficient to produce a standard deviation small enough) their experiment seems to have seen the same phenomenon reported earlier by Tajmar et al., termed parity violation. This means that gravitomagnetic fields produced by the cryogenic rotating ring or disk vary substantially and change sign for clockwise and counter-clockwise directions of rotation. The experimental situation therefore occurs to be contradictory. On the one hand GR has been confirmed while at the same time, there seems to be experimental evidence for the existence of extreme gravitomagnetic fields that cannot be generated by the movement of large masses. If these experiments can be confirmed, they give a clear indication for the existence of additional gravitational fields of non-Newtonian nature. As was shown by the GP-B experiment, measuring gravitomagnetic fields from GR poses extreme difficulties. Therefore a novel physical mechanism should exist for the generation of gravity-like fields, which might also provide the key to gravitational engineering similar to electromagnetic technology.

研究动机与目标

• 调查在低温下旋转超导环和圆盘中是否存在异常巨大的引力磁效应。
• 解决广义相对论预测与实验测量结果之间的矛盾，后者显示场强比预期大18个数量级。
• 确定这些场是否源于广义相对论之外的新物理机制，可能实现引力工程。
• 研究宇称破坏在观测场行为中的作用，其中场方向随旋转方向反转。
• 评估这些发现对基于类似引力场的新颖太空推进与能量生成技术的潜在影响。

提出的方法

• 在低温下使用低温超导环（铌）进行高精度磁场与引力磁效应测量。
• 分析引力磁效应随旋转方向（顺时针与逆时针）的变化，检验宇称破坏效应。
• 将实验结果与广义相对论的预测进行比较，特别是Lense-Thirring效应。
• 评估先前实验的数据，包括Gravity Probe-B和Graham等人研究，以评估其与Tajmar等人发现的一致性。
• 使用激光陀螺仪检测角动量的微小变化与场特征信号，尽管其精度存在已知限制。
• 评估一种非广义相对论机制的可行性，该机制可在无需大质量旋转体的情况下产生极端类似引力的场。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 在低温下，小型旋转超导环是否能产生超出广义相对论预测18个数量级的极端引力磁效应？
• RQ2 为何当超导体的旋转方向反转时，引力磁效应会改变符号，表明宇称破坏？
• RQ3 Tajmar等人与Graham等人实验结果与Gravity Probe-B证实的Lense-Thirring效应相比如何？
• RQ4 何种物理机制可解释超导系统中如此巨大且非广义相对论的引力磁效应？
• RQ5 若得到证实，这些场是否可能实现太空推进与能量生成的实际应用？

主要发现

• Tajmar等人在低温下测量了旋转铌环的引力磁效应，其值约为广义相对论预测值的18个数量级。
• 测得的场表现出宇称破坏，其符号随旋转方向（顺时针与逆时针）改变，表明存在非标准物理机制。
• 尽管激光陀螺仪精度较低，Graham等人在旋转低温铅盘中仍观测到类似效应，表明与Tajmar发现具有一致性。
• Gravity Probe-B实验在约10%的精度内证实了Lense-Thirring效应（由地球自转引起的引力磁效应），验证了广义相对论在宏观尺度上的预测。
• 广义相对论确认的引力磁效应与小型超导系统中异常巨大的场共存，构成了当前物理学的根本矛盾。
• 若得到证实，这些结果表明存在一种新的、非牛顿的引力机制，可在无需大质量旋转体的情况下产生强类似引力的场。