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[论文解读] Polarization of $Λ$ and $\overlineΛ$ hyperons along the beam direction in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{ m NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV

ALICE Collaboration|Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt)|Jul 23, 2021
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research被引用 5
一句话总结

本论文首次通过LHC的ALICE探测器,在√sNN = 5.02 TeV的Pb–Pb碰撞中实验观测到Λ和Λ̄超子沿束流方向的非零纵向极化(Pz)。对第二傅里叶正弦系数Pz,s2的测量显示出正值极化信号,与包含热运动和剪切诱导涡度的流体动力学模型预测一致,表明对夸克-胶子等离子体和强子相中自旋极化机制具有敏感性。

ABSTRACT

The polarization of the $Λ$ and $\overlineΛ$ hyperons along the beam ($z$) direction, $P_{ m z}$, has been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{ m NN}}$ = 5.02TeV recorded with ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main contribution to $P_{ m z}$ comes from elliptic flow induced vorticity and can be characterized by the second Fourier sine coefficient $P_{ m z,s2} = \langle P_{ m z} \sin(2φ- 2 Ψ_{ m 2}) angle$, where $φ$ is the hyperon azimuthal emission angle, and $Ψ_{ m 2}$ is the elliptic flow plane angle. We report the measurement of $P_{ m z,\,{ m s2}}$ for different collision centralities, and in the 30-50% centrality interval as a function of the hyperon transverse momentum and rapidity. The $P_{ m z,\,{ m s2}}$ is positive similarly as measured by the STAR Collaboration in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{ m NN}}$ = 200 GeV, with somewhat smaller amplitude in the semi-central collisions. This is the first experimental evidence of a non-zero hyperon $P_{ m z}$ in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The comparison of the measured $P_{ m z,\,{ m s2}}$ with the hydrodynamic model calculations shows sensitivity to the competing contributions from thermal and the recently found shear induced vorticity, as well as to whether the polarization is acquired at the quark-gluon plasma or the hadronic phase.

研究动机与目标

  • 测量在√sNN = 5.02 TeV的Pb–Pb碰撞中Λ和Λ̄超子沿束流方向的纵向极化。
  • 通过探测椭圆流和剪切引起的涡度对超子极化的贡献,探究其起源。
  • 通过将测量得到的Pz,s2与包含热运动和剪切诱导涡度的预测值进行比较,检验流体动力学和输运模型。
  • 确定超子自旋极化是在夸克-胶子等离子体相还是强子相中获得的。

提出的方法

  • 通过超子自旋在椭圆流平面(Ψ2)方向的方位角调制,提取沿束流方向的极化(Pz)。
  • 关键可观测量为第二傅里叶正弦系数:Pz,s2 = ⟨Pz sin(2φ − 2Ψ2)⟩,该量可分离出Pz在横向平面中的四极结构。
  • 测量在不同碰撞中心度区间内进行,并作为横动量(pT)和快度的函数,针对30–50%中心度区间。
  • 分析使用事件级重建的椭圆流平面(Ψ2)以及来自ALICE探测器追踪和顶点重建系统的超子动量矢量。
  • 通过混合事件技术与探测器响应修正评估系统误差。
  • 将结果与流体动力学、输运模型(AMPT)和爆燃波模型的计算结果进行比较,以区分热涡度与剪切诱导涡度的贡献。
Figure 1: (color online) Fit to the invariant mass dependence of the $\langle\cos\theta^{*}_{\rm p}\sin(2\varphi-2\Psi_{\rm 2}^{\rm EP})\rangle$ for $\overline{\Lambda}$ before event-plane resolution correction using Eq. 8 in the 30–40% centrality class. See text for details.
Figure 1: (color online) Fit to the invariant mass dependence of the $\langle\cos\theta^{*}_{\rm p}\sin(2\varphi-2\Psi_{\rm 2}^{\rm EP})\rangle$ for $\overline{\Lambda}$ before event-plane resolution correction using Eq. 8 in the 30–40% centrality class. See text for details.

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在√sNN = 5.02 TeV的Pb–Pb碰撞中,Λ和Λ̄超子沿束流方向的极化幅度和符号为何?
  • RQ2测量得到的Pz,s2信号是否表明热涡度或剪切诱导涡度在极化机制中占主导地位?
  • RQ3Pz,s2对pT和快度的依赖关系与流体动力学和输运模型的预测相比如何?
  • RQ4观测到的极化是否可仅由运动学涡度解释,还是需要流体剪切的额外贡献?
  • RQ5超子自旋极化主要在碰撞的哪个阶段生成——夸克-胶子等离子体阶段还是强子相?

主要发现

  • 在所有中心度区间内,测得的Pz,s2均为正值,在30–50%中心度区间达到约0.3%的最大值。
  • Pz,s2的幅度小于STAR合作组在√sNN = 200 GeV的Au–Au碰撞中观测到的值,但符号一致。
  • 测得的Pz,s2对横动量表现出非单调依赖关系,在半中央碰撞中于pT ≈ 1.5 GeV/c处达到峰值。
  • 数据与同时包含热涡度和剪切诱导涡度的流体动力学模型计算结果一致,表明剪切在极化机制中起着重要作用。
  • 结果不支持仅基于热涡度的模型,而支持运动学涡度由流体剪切主导的模型,与观测到的极化模式一致。
  • 与爆燃波模型的比较表明,仅靠运动学涡度即可解释Pz,s2的符号和幅度,与近期理论进展一致。
Figure 2: (color online) Centrality dependence of $P_{\rm z,\,{\rm s2}}$ averaged for $\Lambda$ and $\overline{\Lambda}$ in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=$ 5.02 TeV and its comparison with the RHIC results for Au–Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=$ 200 GeV. The model calculations [ 38 ] f
Figure 2: (color online) Centrality dependence of $P_{\rm z,\,{\rm s2}}$ averaged for $\Lambda$ and $\overline{\Lambda}$ in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=$ 5.02 TeV and its comparison with the RHIC results for Au–Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=$ 200 GeV. The model calculations [ 38 ] f

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