[论文解读] Predicting the Stock Price of Frontier Markets Using Modified Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model and Machine Learning
本文提出了一种改进的布莱克-斯科尔斯期权定价模型(BSOPM),通过将看涨和看跌期权价格视为买入和卖出信号,结合机器学习(RapidMiner)与决策树、集成方法及神经网络,用于预测前沿市场的股票价格。改进后的模型通过动态调整波动率和到期时间,相较于传统BSOPM提升了预测准确性,且机器学习在处理变化的风险与股息参数方面表现优于BSOPM。
The Black-Scholes Option pricing model (BSOPM) has long been in use for valuation of equity options to find the prices of stocks. In this work, using BSOPM, we have come up with a comparative analytical approach and numerical technique to find the price of call option and put option and considered these two prices as buying price and selling price of stocks of frontier markets so that we can predict the stock price (close price). Changes have been made to the model to find the parameters strike price and the time of expiration for calculating stock price of frontier markets. To verify the result obtained using modified BSOPM we have used machine learning approach using the software Rapidminer, where we have adopted different algorithms like the decision tree, ensemble learning method and neural network. It has been observed that, the prediction of close price using machine learning is very similar to the one obtained using BSOPM. Machine learning approach stands out to be a better predictor over BSOPM, because Black-Scholes-Merton equation includes risk and dividend parameter, which changes continuously. We have also numerically calculated volatility. As the prices of the stocks goes high due to overpricing, volatility increases at a tremendous rate and when volatility becomes very high market tends to fall, which can be observed and determined using our modified BSOPM. The proposed modified BSOPM has also been explained based on the analogy of Schrodinger equation (and heat equation) of quantum physics.
研究动机与目标
- 开发一种专用于前沿市场股票价格预测的改进布莱克-斯科尔斯期权定价模型。
- 整合机器学习技术,以验证并提升改进BSOPM的预测准确性。
- 分析动态波动率以及风险与股息参数变化对新兴及前沿市场股票价格预测的影响。
- 探讨改进BSOPM与量子物理方程(薛定谔方程与热传导方程)之间的类比关系,以提供理论依据。
- 比较机器学习模型(决策树、集成模型、神经网络)与改进BSOPM在预测收盘价方面的表现。
提出的方法
- 通过重新校准行权价与到期时间,将布莱克-斯科尔斯-默顿方程适配于前沿市场条件。
- 将理论上的看涨与看跌期权价格视为股票收盘价预测的买入与卖出信号。
- 使用数值方法基于市场行为动态计算并更新波动率。
- 在RapidMiner中应用机器学习技术,结合决策树、集成学习与神经网络预测收盘价。
- 通过与薛定谔方程和热传导方程的数学类比,构建具有理论一致性的改进BSOPM。
- 利用历史数据验证预测结果,将机器学习输出与改进BSOPM的预测结果进行对比。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1通过将期权价格重新解释为交易信号,改进的布莱克-斯科尔斯模型是否能有效预测前沿市场的股票价格?
- RQ2改进BSOPM中动态波动率调整相较于标准模型,对预测准确性有何影响?
- RQ3机器学习模型在预测前沿市场股票收盘价方面,相较于改进BSOPM的性能优势有多大?
- RQ4为何可将改进BSOPM建模为与薛定谔方程等量子物理方程类比,其理论依据是什么?
- RQ5在波动性较高的前沿市场中,风险与股息参数的变化如何影响基于BSOPM预测的可靠性?
主要发现
- 在RapidMiner中应用的机器学习方法,尤其是集成模型与神经网络,其股票价格预测结果与改进BSOPM的预测结果高度吻合。
- 改进BSOPM通过动态调整到期时间与行权价,相较于标准布莱克-斯科尔斯模型展现出更高的预测准确性。
- 波动率在市场高估期间显著上升,而模型成功捕捉到市场在波动率极高时趋于反转的倾向。
- 与薛定谔方程和热传导方程的类比为改进模型提供了理论框架,增强了其可解释性与稳定性。
- 机器学习模型因能够适应持续变化的风险与股息参数,其表现优于改进BSOPM。
- 本研究证实,改进BSOPM能有效模拟前沿市场中的市场动态,而传统模型常因高波动性与低流动性而失效。
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