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[论文解读] $ε^\prime/ε$-2018: A Christmas Story

Andrzej J. Buras|mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich)|Dec 14, 2018
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions被引用 5
一句话总结

本文认为,由于缺失长距离QCD效应,特别是双重QCD(DQCD)框架中的强子演化,标准模型(SM)对直接CP破坏参数 $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ 的预测显著低于实验值。作者预言,到2026年,最终的SM值将被确认为 $(5\pm2)\times10^{-4}$——该值与格点QCD和NNLO修正一致——暗示存在超出标准模型的新物理。

ABSTRACT

I was supposed to review the status of $ε^\prime/ε$ both at the CKM Workshop in September in Heidelberg and recently at the Discrete 2018 Conference in Vienna. Unfortunately I had to cancel both talks for family reasons. My main goal in these talks was to congratulate NA48 and KTeV collaborations for the discovery of new sources of CP violation through their heroic efforts to measure the ratio $ε^\prime/ε$ in the 1980s and 1990s with final results presented roughly 16 years ago. As I will not attend any other conferences this year I will reach this goal in this writing. In this context I will give arguments, why I am convinced about the presence of new physics in $ε^\prime/ε$ on the basis of my work with Jean-Marc Gerard within the context of the Dual QCD (DQCD) approach and why RBC-UKQCD collaboration and in particular Chiral Perturbation Theory practitioners are still unable to reach this conclusion. I will demonstrate that even in the presence of pion loops, as large as advocated recently by Gilbert and Pich, the value of $ε^\prime/ε$ is significantly below the data, when the main non-factorizable QCD dynamics at long distance scales, represented in DQCD by {the meson evolution}, is taken into account. As appriopriate for a Christmas story, I will prophesy the final value of $ε^\prime/ε$ within the SM, which should include in addition to the correct matching between long and short distance contributions, isospin breaking effects, NNLO QCD corrections to both QCD penguin and electroweak penguin contributions and final state interactions. Such final SM result will probably be known from lattice QCD only in the middle of 2020s, but already in 2019 we should be able to see some signs of NP in the next result on $ε^\prime/ε$ from RBC-UKQCD.

研究动机与目标

  • 论证标准模型因缺失长距离QCD动力学,特别是强子演化,而低估了 $\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 的预测值。
  • 挑战标量有效场论(χPT)研究者声称的最终态相互作用(π环)可完全解决SM与实验之间的差异。
  • 基于DQCD计算和格点QCD结果,主张 $\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 中存在新物理。
  • 预测到2020年代中期,$\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 的最终SM值将被确定,且格点QCD将提供确认。

提出的方法

  • 使用双重QCD(DQCD)方法,通过强子演化建模长距离QCD动力学,其对 $\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 的抑制作用比以往估计更强。
  • 应用SM中 $\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 的解析公式,整合 $B_{6}^{(1/2)}$ 和 $B_{8}^{(3/2)}$ 作为强子矩阵元。
  • 将RBC-UKQCD的格点QCD结果($B_{6}^{(1/2)}=0.57\pm0.19$,$B_{8}^{(3/2)}=0.76\pm0.05$)与χPT和DQCD预测进行比较。
  • 通过 $a$ 和 $\hat{\Omega}_{\rm eff}$ 引入同位旋破缺效应,其数值基于实验输入得出。
  • 预测未来改进:NNLO QCD修正、更精确的最终态相互作用处理,以及更优的同位旋破缺计算。
  • 以大-$N$极限($B_{6}^{(1/2)}=B_{8}^{(3/2)}=1$)为基准,得出 $8.6\times10^{-4}$,该值仍低于实验测量。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1为何标准模型对 $\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 的预测显著低于实验测量值 $(16.6\pm2.3)\times10^{-4}$?
  • RQ2如标量有效场论(χPT)所建模的最终态相互作用(π环)能否完全解决SM预测与实验之间的差异?
  • RQ3长距离QCD效应,特别是DQCD中的强子演化,如何影响SM对 $\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 的预测?
  • RQ4同位旋破缺修正与NNLO QCD修正在优化SM预测中起何作用?
  • RQ5格点QCD与理论框架将在何时收敛于 $\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 的最终SM值?

主要发现

  • DQCD方法表明,即使包含π环,强子演化仍会使 $\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 的预测值低于实验值。
  • RBC-UKQCD的格点QCD结果($B_{6}^{(1/2)}=0.57\pm0.19$,$B_{8}^{(3/2)}=0.76\pm0.05$)给出的SM预测值约为 $\sim5.5\times10^{-4}$,仍低于实验值。
  • 作者预言,到2026年,经NNLO QCD修正以及更优的FSI和同位旋破缺效应修正后,$\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 的最终SM值将被确定为 $(5\pm2)\times10^{-4}$。
  • SM与实验之间的差异暗示 $\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 中存在新物理,该结论得到DQCD支持,但尚未被χPT或格点QCD证实。
  • 作者预计,格点QCD将在2020年代中期确认最终的SM值,可能早于2026年。
  • NA48与KTeV的实验结果是整个讨论的基础,因其为 $\varepsilon'^{/}\varepsilon$ 异常提供了基准。

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