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[论文解读] Probing the chiral anomaly with nonlocal transport in Weyl semimetals

S. A. Parameswaran, Tarun Grover|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 5, 2013
Topological Materials and Phenomena被引用 13
一句话总结

本文提出通过非局域输运检测外尔半金属中的手征异常:当局部磁场平行于电流时,由于手征外尔节点间由异常驱动的电子泵浦,产生长程谷极化不平衡,远处的探测磁场可将其转化为可测量的电压。当电流与磁场垂直时,该效应消失,从而为异常提供了清晰的特征信号,并实现了在三维拓扑半金属中对谷态的调控。

ABSTRACT

Weyl semimetals are three-dimensional crystalline systems where pairs of bands touch at points in momentum space, termed Weyl nodes, that are characterized by a definite topological charge: the chirality. Consequently, they exhibit the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly, which in this condensed matter realization implies that application of parallel electric ($\mathbf{E}$) and magnetic ($\mathbf{B}$) fields pumps electrons between nodes of opposite chirality at a rate proportional to $\mathbf{E}\cdot\mathbf{B}$. We argue that this pumping is measurable via nonlocal transport experiments, in the limit of weak internode scattering. Specifically, we show that as a consequence of the anomaly, applying a local magnetic field parallel to an injected current induces a valley imbalance that diffuses over long distances. A probe magnetic field can then convert this imbalance into a measurable voltage drop far from source and drain. Such nonlocal transport vanishes when the injected current and magnetic field are orthogonal, and therefore serves as a test of the chiral anomaly. We further demonstrate that a similar effect should also characterize Dirac semimetals --- recently reported to have been observed in experiments --- where a pair of Weyl nodes coexisting at a single point in the Brillouin zone are protected by a crystal symmetry. Since the nodes are analogous to valley degrees of freedom in semiconductors, this suggests that valley currents in three dimensional topological semimetals can be controlled using electric fields, which has potential practical `valleytronic' applications.

研究动机与目标

  • 证明外尔半金属中的手征异常可通过非局域电输运测量进行探测。
  • 确立局部磁场平行于电流时,由于异常驱动的电子泵浦,会在外尔节点间诱导出长程谷极化不平衡。
  • 表明该极化不平衡可借助远处的探测磁场转换为可测量的电压信号。
  • 将该方案扩展至狄拉克半金属,其中外尔节点受晶格对称性保护,在动量空间中汇聚于同一点,可视为谷自由度。
  • 探索在三维拓扑半金属中实现电场调控的谷电流,以推动谷电子学应用。

提出的方法

  • 将外尔半金属中的手征异常建模为电子在相反手征性的外尔节点间以与 E·B 成正比的速率泵浦。
  • 通过施加平行于电流的局部磁场,在弱节点间散射条件下,利用异常诱导谷极化不平衡。
  • 将由此产生的谷极化不平衡视为一种扩散量,在材料中长距离传播。
  • 在远处位置施加探测磁场,将扩散的谷极化不平衡转换为可测量的电压降。
  • 分析信号对电流与磁场相对取向的依赖性,表明当两者垂直时信号消失。
  • 将分析扩展至狄拉克半金属,其中外尔节点在动量空间中汇聚于同一点,受对称性保护,可将其视为谷自由度。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1能否通过非局域输运测量探测外尔半金属中的手征异常?
  • RQ2当局部磁场平行于电流时,是否由于异常驱动的泵浦而在外尔节点间产生长程谷极化不平衡?
  • RQ3远处的探测磁场是否能将该极化不平衡转换为可测量的电压信号?
  • RQ4为何当电流与磁场垂直时非局域信号消失?这如何作为异常的特征信号?
  • RQ5在Weyl节点受晶格对称性保护的狄拉克半金属中,是否可观察到类似的非局域效应?

主要发现

  • 在外尔半金属中,当施加平行于注入电流的局部磁场时,手征异常导致谷极化不平衡发生长程扩散。
  • 仅当电流与磁场平行时才会产生非局域电压信号,这一特性可清晰区分异常与其他效应。
  • 当电流与磁场垂直时,该效应消失,证实其源于手征异常的 E·B 泵浦机制。
  • 相同的非局域输运机制也应存在于狄拉克半金属中,其中外尔节点受晶格对称性保护,表现为谷自由度。
  • 结果表明,可通过电场调控三维拓扑半金属中的谷电流,为实现谷电子学应用提供了可能。

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