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[论文解读] Prospect Theory for Enhanced Smart Grid Resilience Using Distributed Energy Storage

Georges El Rahi, Anibal Sanjab|arXiv (Cornell University)|Oct 7, 2016
Smart Grid Energy Management参考文献 9被引用 10
一句话总结

该论文提出了一种基于前景理论的贝叶斯博弈模型,用于优化微电网运营商(MGO)的储能决策,以增强智能电网的韧性。通过引入反映风险偏好的主观参照点,该模型表明,在前景理论下,MGO的储能行为与经典博弈论相比存在显著差异——尤其在紧急电价上涨时,凸显了行为经济学在韧性规划中的关键作用。

ABSTRACT

The proliferation of distributed generation and storage units is leading to the development of local, small-scale distribution grids, known as microgrids (MGs). In this paper, the problem of optimizing the energy trading decisions of MG operators (MGOs) is studied using game theory. In the formulated game, each MGO chooses the amount of energy that must be sold immediately or stored for future emergencies, given the prospective market prices which are influenced by other MGOs' decisions. The problem is modeled using a Bayesian game to account for the incomplete information that MGOs have about each others' levels of surplus. The proposed game explicitly accounts for each MGO's subjective decision when faced with the uncertainty of its opponents' energy surplus. In particular, the so-called framing effect, from the framework of prospect theory (PT), is used to account for each MGO's valuation of its gains and losses with respect to an individual utility reference point. The reference point is typically different for each individual and originates from its past experiences and future aspirations. A closed-form expression for the Bayesian Nash equilibrium is derived for the standard game formulation. Under PT, a best response algorithm is proposed to find the equilibrium. Simulation results show that, depending on their individual reference points, MGOs can tend to store more or less energy under PT compared to classical game theory. In addition, the impact of the reference point is found to be more prominent as the emergency price set by the power company increases.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决微电网储能决策中缺乏行为建模的问题,以提升应急韧性。
  • 在对手储能盈余不确定的背景下,使用贝叶斯博弈建模MGO的战略选择。
  • 引入前景理论的框架效应,反映个体MGO相对于个人参照点对收益与损失的主观感知。
  • 分析参照点与紧急电价如何影响储能行为及电网韧性结果。
  • 比较经典博弈论与前景理论在预测储能均衡与韧性表现方面的差异。

提出的方法

  • 构建一个非合作性贝叶斯博弈模型,其中MGO在不了解他人储能盈余的不完全信息下选择储能水平。
  • 使用前景理论建模MGO的效用,个体参照点反映其过往经验与未来期望。
  • 推导经典博弈论(CGT)的闭式贝叶斯纳什均衡,并提出一种求解前景理论(PT)均衡的最佳响应算法。
  • 采用损失厌恶效用函数并引入参照点,以捕捉基于感知收益/损失的风险规避或风险寻求行为。
  • 通过模拟不同紧急电价与参照点的情景,评估储能行为与总储能水平。
  • 在混合策略均衡下,比较理性(CGT)与主观(PT)MGO的决策结果。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1与经典博弈论相比,引入前景理论的框架效应如何改变MGO的储能决策?
  • RQ2在不确定性下,MGO的个体参照点对其储能策略有何影响?
  • RQ3紧急电价如何影响储能决策对参照点的敏感性?
  • RQ4当一个MGO为理性(CGT)而另一个为主观(PT)时,在双MGO系统中会发生什么?
  • RQ5行为建模在多大程度上影响总储能水平及满足关键负荷需求的能力?

主要发现

  • 当紧急电价为10.2美元/千瓦时,无论MGO的参照点如何,总储能水平保持不变。
  • 在11美元/千瓦时的紧急电价下,参照点的变化可导致总储能水平与经典博弈论结果相比出现最高10%的偏差。
  • 在12美元/千瓦时的紧急电价下,参照点的影响增强至最高17%的储能偏差,表明行为因素影响更显著。
  • 随着损失乘数(λ)的增加,MGO变得更加风险规避,减少储能以避免损失,从而需要更高的紧急电价才能满足关键负荷需求。
  • 当一个MGO为理性而另一个为主观时,理性MGO会根据主观MGO的参照点调整其储能策略,相应地增加或减少储能。
  • 在高参照点(如25美元)时,前景理论的行为效应减弱,理性与主观MGO最终收敛至相同的储能策略,即最大容量的0.88。

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