[论文解读] Quantum and classical cosmology with Born-Infeld scalar field
本文提出了一种将引力与Born-Infeld标量场耦合的量子宇宙学模型,对极小和极大尺度因子情形解析求解了Wheeler-DeWitt方程。结果表明,Vilenkin与Hartle-Hawking的波函数均预测出一个正值的宇宙学常数——具体为$\frac{1}{\lambda}$——表明Born-Infeld标量场可作为暗能量的来源,驱动具有$-1 < w < -\frac{1}{3}$的加速膨胀,并进一步探讨了违反能量条件的类phantom行为。
In this paper, we consider a quantum model of gravitation interacting with a Born-Infeld(B-I) type scalar field $\phi$. The corresponding Wheeler-Dewitt equation can be solved analytically for both very large and small cosmological scale factor. In the condition that small cosmological scale factor tend to limit, the wave function of the universe can be obtained by applying the methods developed by Vilenkin, Hartle and Hawking. Both Vilenkin's and Hartle-Hawking's wave function predicts nonzero cosmological constant. The Vilenkin's wave function predicts a universe with a cosmological constant as large as possible, while the Hartle-Hawking's wave function predicts a universe with positive cosmological constant, which equals to $\frac{1}{\lambda}$. It is different from Coleman's result that cosmological constant is zero, and also different from Hawking's prediction of zero cosmological constant in quantum cosmology with linear scalar field. We suggest that dark energy in the universe might result from the B-I type scalar field with potential and the universe can undergo a phase of accelerating expansion. The equation of state parameter lies in the range of $-1<$w$<-{1/3}$. When the potential $V(\phi)=\frac{1}{\lambda}$, our Lagrangian describes the Chaplygin gas. In order to give a explanation to the observational results of state parameter w$<-1$, we also investigate the phantom model that posses negative kinetic energy. We find that weak and strong energy conditions are violated for phantom B-I type scalar field. At last, we study a specific potential with the form $V_0(1+\frac{\phi}{\phi_0})e^{-(\frac{\phi}{\phi_0})}$ in phantom B-I scalar field in detail. The attractor property of the system is shown by numerical analysis.
研究动机与目标
- 开发一种包含Born-Infeld标量场的量子宇宙学模型,以探索暗能量的起源。
- 在Born-Infeld引力背景下,应用Vilenkin与Hartle-Hawking边界条件分析宇宙的波函数。
- 研究Born-Infeld标量场是否能生成与观测数据一致的正值宇宙学常数。
- 考察负动能(phantom行为)的可能性及其对能量条件与宇宙加速的影响。
- 研究特定非线性势$V_0(1 + \frac{\phi}{\phi_0})e^{-(\frac{\phi}{\phi_0})}$在phantom区域的吸引子动力学。
提出的方法
- 在Born-Infeld标量场耦合引力的框架下,对极小与极大尺度因子极限情形解析求解Wheeler-DeWitt方程。
- 应用Vilenkin的隧道效应与Hartle-Hawking的无边界波函数方法,推导宇宙的量子态。
- 从Hartle-Hawking波函数推导出有效宇宙学常数为$\frac{1}{\lambda}$,与线性场模型中Hawking的零预测不同。
- 构建具有负动能的phantom模型,以探索$w < -1$及其宇宙学含义。
- 对由势$V_0(1 + \frac{\phi}{\phi_0})e^{-(\frac{\phi}{\phi_0})}$控制的动力系统进行数值分析,以评估吸引子行为。
- 评估在phantom Born-Infeld标量场下弱能量条件与强能量条件的表现,以判断物理可行性。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在Born-Infeld标量场模型中,Hartle-Hawking与Vilenkin波函数是否能预测正值宇宙学常数?
- RQ2具有特定势的Born-Infeld标量场是否能重现方程态参数$w$在$-1 < w < -\frac{1}{3}$范围内的结果,与暗能量一致?
- RQ3包含负动能(phantom行为)如何影响能量条件及量子宇宙学中标量场的动力学?
- RQ4势$V_0(1 + \frac{\phi}{\phi_0})e^{-(\frac{\phi}{\phi_0})}$在稳定系统与诱导吸引子行为中起什么作用?
- RQ5Born-Infeld标量场模型是否能在不预先引入宇宙学常数的前提下,解释宇宙观测到的加速膨胀?
主要发现
- Hartle-Hawking波函数预测的宇宙学常数等于$\frac{1}{\lambda}$,与线性标量场模型中Hawking的零预测不同。
- Vilenkin波函数预测的宇宙学常数尽可能大,表明量子力学强烈偏好大真空能量。
- 方程态参数$w$位于$-1 < w < -\frac{1}{3}$范围内,与暗能量及加速膨胀一致。
- 当$V(\phi) = \frac{1}{\lambda}$时,该模型退化为Chaplygin气体,从而与已知的暗能量参数化形式相联系。
- 具有负动能的phantom模型违反了弱能量条件与强能量条件,表明其具有非标准动力学行为。
- 数值分析证实,对于势$V_0(1 + \frac{\phi}{\phi_0})e^{-(\frac{\phi}{\phi_0})}$存在吸引子行为,表明在phantom区域具有长期稳定性。
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