Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] Quantum-enabled continuous microwave-to-optics frequency conversion

Han Zhao, William David Chen|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 4, 2024
Advanced Photonic Communication Systems被引用 4
一句话总结

该论文提出了一种基于硅基电光机械平台的连续波、量子增强型微波-光频率转换器,实现了低噪声和高效率。通过利用单晶硅中的静电耦合与光机械耦合,该器件实现了基态辐射冷却,并展示了0.58个光子的输入参考附加噪声和0.47%的外部效率,其效率-带宽乘积相比以往工作提高了两个数量级。

ABSTRACT

A quantum interface between microwave and optical photons is essential for entangling remote superconducting quantum processors. To preserve fragile quantum states, a transducer must operate efficiently while generating less than one photon of noise referred to its input. Here, we present a platform that meets these criteria, utilizing a combination of electrostatic and optomechanical interactions in devices made entirely from crystalline silicon. This platform's small mechanical dissipation and low optical absorption enable ground-state radiative cooling, resulting in quantum-enabled operation with a continuous laser drive. Under the optimal settings for high efficiency (low noise), we measure an external efficiency of $2.2\%$ ($0.47\%$) and an input-referred added noise of $0.94$ ($0.58$) in microwave-to-optics conversion. We quantify the transducer throughput using the efficiency-bandwidth product, finding it exceeds previous demonstrations with similar noise performance by approximately two orders of magnitude, thereby paving a practical path to interconnecting remote superconducting qubits.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种在量子增强状态下运行、附加噪声极低的连续波微波-光转换器。
  • 克服先前系统中脉冲工作模式的局限性,后者会降低光子通量并阻碍多节点网络的实现。
  • 实现高效、低噪声的微波与光子之间的转换,以连接远距离的超导量子处理器。
  • 利用单晶硅中机械模式与光学模式的低损耗和高Q值特性,实现基态冷却和量子极限操作。

提出的方法

  • 转换器在一体化硅平台上利用微波与机械模式之间的静电耦合,以及机械与光学模式之间的光机械耦合。
  • 通过高阻抗微波谐振器设计增强机电耦合,使耦合速率与阻抗的平方根成正比增加。
  • 利用声学带隙结构限制机械模式,以减少辐射损耗并增强与光学和微波场的耦合。
  • 通过单晶硅中低机械损耗和低光学吸收实现基态辐射冷却。
  • 通过消除强电泵浦需求,实现连续波工作,从而降低热噪声。
  • 通过相干散射测量和基于检测到的光功率与转换效率的输入参考附加噪声计算,表征效率与噪声性能。
Figure 1: Electro-optomechanical transduction. a Schematic diagram of an electro-optomechanical transducer. b Simulated displacement profile of the mechanical mode, showcasing its extended energy distribution. The insets show the microwave and optical field profiles. c Optical microscope image of a
Figure 1: Electro-optomechanical transduction. a Schematic diagram of an electro-optomechanical transducer. b Simulated displacement profile of the mechanical mode, showcasing its extended energy distribution. The insets show the microwave and optical field profiles. c Optical microscope image of a

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1连续波微波-光转换器能否实现量子极限性能,且输入参考附加噪声低于一个光子?
  • RQ2在具有类似噪声性能的情况下,连续转换器的效率-带宽乘积与脉冲系统相比如何?
  • RQ3在单晶硅中,静电耦合与光机械耦合是否能够在无需强电泵浦的情况下实现基态冷却与低噪声运行?
  • RQ4在完全集成的硅平台上,量子增强条件下可实现的最大外部转换效率是多少?
  • RQ5使用连续激光泵浦在多大程度上提升了连接远距离超导量子比特的实际可行性?

主要发现

  • 该转换器在外部转换效率为2.2%(最优条件下为0.47%)时,输入参考附加噪声为0.94(0.58)个光子,证实其处于量子增强工作状态。
  • 效率-带宽乘积达到1900 Hz(低噪声点为470 Hz),在相似噪声水平下,相比以往成果提高了约两个数量级。
  • 由于单晶硅具有低机械损耗和低光学吸收,实现了基态辐射冷却,从而支持稳定连续运行。
  • 该器件无需强电泵浦,降低了热噪声,实现了对可扩展量子网络至关重要的连续波工作。
  • 性能测量结果在吞吐量方面优于近期的脉冲系统,这一优势通过效率-带宽乘积指标得到量化。
  • 该平台的材料无关性静电耦合设计支持可扩展集成,并与超导量子比特架构兼容。
Figure 2: Transducer characterization a Measured electromechanical coupling rate vs DC voltage bias. The coupling rate is determined at each voltage by fitting the external decay rate of the mechanical mode. b Measured optomechanical coupling rate versus intracavity photon number. The coupling rate
Figure 2: Transducer characterization a Measured electromechanical coupling rate vs DC voltage bias. The coupling rate is determined at each voltage by fitting the external decay rate of the mechanical mode. b Measured optomechanical coupling rate versus intracavity photon number. The coupling rate

更好的研究,从现在开始

从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。