[论文解读] Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Multi-Antenna Joint Radar and Communications with Partial CSIT: Precoder Optimization and Link-Level Simulations
该论文提出了一种基于速率分割多址接入(RSMA)的双功能雷达通信(DFRC)系统,适用于在发射端部分信道状态信息(CSIT)下的多天线系统,通过波束成形优化同时最大化加权和速率并最小化雷达波束成形图均方误差。RSMA对CSIT不确定性具有鲁棒性,在理论分析和链路级仿真中均优于SDMA和NOMA,尤其在移动性和有限码长编码约束条件下表现更优。
Dual-Functional Radar-Communication (DFRC) systems have been investigated to manage the inter-system interference between radar and communication systems. However, the studies in literature often assume that the DFRC possesses perfect Channel State Information at the Transmitter (CSIT), which is an unrealistic assumption due to the inevitable CSIT errors in practical deployments. In this work, we aim to design a DFRC system under the practical assumption of partial CSIT. To achieve this, the proposed DFRC marries the capabilities of a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar with Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA). RSMA is a powerful downlink communication scheme based on linearly precoded Rate-Splitting (RS) that partially decodes multi-user interference (MUI) and partially treats it as noise and is inherently robust to partial CSIT. Using RSMA, the DFRC precoders are optimized in the presence of partial CSIT to simultaneously maximize the Average Weighted Sum-Rate (AWSR) under Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints and minimize the DFRC beampattern Mean Squared Error (MSE) against an ideal MIMO radar beampattern. Simulation results demonstrate that the RSMA-based DFRC largely outperforms DFRCs based on other commonly used strategies such as Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). Specifically, the common stream unique in the RSMA-based DFRC allows for flexible rate partitioning to guarantee user rate fairness with partial CSIT while also being the main contributor to generating a directional beampattern for effective radar sensing. The practical performance of the DFRC is then further assessed through Link-Level simulations (LLS) to take into account the effects of coding and modulation in the finite length regime as well as the channel aging due to mobility and latency, where the superiority of RSMA is again corroborated.
研究动机与目标
- 为解决双功能雷达通信(DFRC)系统中不完美CSIT的实际挑战。
- 设计一种联合雷达与通信系统,以在保持高雷达波束成形图方向性的同时最大化通信速率。
- 克服以往研究依赖完美CSIT以及使用间接雷达度量(如波束成形图MSE)的局限性。
- 通过采用有限码长编码和调制的链路级仿真,在真实条件下评估系统性能。
- 证明在部分CSIT条件下,RSMA在鲁棒性、公平性和雷达感知精度方面优于SDMA和NOMA。
提出的方法
- 提出一种结合MIMO雷达与RSMA的多天线DFRC系统,实现通信与感知的联合处理。
- 采用速率分割技术将数据划分为公共流与专用流,实现对多用户干扰的部分解码以及部分作为噪声处理。
- 采用基于交替方向乘子法(ADMM)的优化算法,在部分CSIT条件下联合设计波束成形器,以实现鲁棒性能。
- 通过最小化实际波束成形图与期望波束成形图之间的均方误差(MSE),确保雷达方向性。
- 在链路级仿真中引入加权吞吐量度量,以评估在有限码长编码和调制条件下的实际性能。
- 采用单层RSMA收发器架构,结合QAM调制、极化编码及自适应调制与编码(AMC),以实现更真实的系统评估。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1如何设计一种DFRC系统,使其在部分CSIT条件下仍能保持高通信速率和精确的雷达波束成形图?
- RQ2部分CSIT对不同多址接入方案(RSMA、SDMA、NOMA)在联合雷达-通信系统中的性能有何影响?
- RQ3RSMA中的公共流如何同时促进速率公平性与定向波束成形图的形成?
- RQ4链路级仿真中采用有限码长编码和调制在多大程度上影响RSMA-DFRC的理论和速率性能?
- RQ5为何NOMA-DFRC在存在解码错误的移动性场景中性能较差?
主要发现
- 基于RSMA的DFRC在平均加权和速率(AWSR)与波束成形图均方误差(MSE)之间实现了最佳权衡,优于部分CSIT下的SDMA与NOMA。
- RSMA中的公共流支持灵活的速率划分,即使在CSIT不完美时也能确保用户速率公平性。
- 公共流是形成定向波束成形图的主要贡献者,显著提升了雷达感知性能。
- 链路级仿真结果证实,RSMA在高移动性场景中,尤其是在有限码长编码与调制条件下,优于SDMA与NOMA。
- NOMA-DFRC性能较差,主要由于逐次干扰消除(SIC)层中的错误传播,严重降低了吞吐量。
- 波束成形图MSE的最小化与雷达性能指标直接相关:雷达互信息(RMI)更高,Cramér-Rao下界(CRB)更低。
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