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[论文解读] Re-t2g-splitting-driven semiconductor gaps in ferrimagnetic double perovskite Ca2MReO6 (M=Cr,Fe) from first principles

Sai Gong, San‐Dong Guo|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 21, 2014
Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials参考文献 43被引用 8
一句话总结

本研究采用基于第一性原理的DFT计算,结合mBJ交换势,证明Ca₂MReO₆(M = Cr, Fe)为具有本征电子能隙的亚铁磁半导体,其能隙由Jahn-Teller畸变引起的Re 5d t₂g能带分裂所驱动。能隙分别为0.38 eV和0.05 eV,源于晶体场分裂在自旋向下通道中形成填满的dxy+dxz双重态和空的dyz单重态,即使在考虑自旋-轨道耦合后仍保持稳定,解决了先前DFT-GGA方法无法预测其绝缘行为的问题。

ABSTRACT

Motivated by the observation of nonmetallic nature in double perovskite Ca2CrReO6 and Ca2FeReO6 with high magnetic Curie temperatures of 360 and 522 K, we systematically investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Ca2MReO6 (M=Cr,Fe) using the full-potential linear augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within the density functional theory. Our full optimization confirms the stable ground-state structure with $P2_1/n$ symmetry. The modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) exchange potential is used for investigating electronic structures. Our mBJ calculation shows that they are both ferrimagnetic semiconductors with semiconductor gaps of 0.38 eV and 0.05 eV, respectively, in contrast with wrong metallic phases from the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The origin of semiconductor gap is due to the further distortion of ReO$_6$ octahedra caused by John-Teller effect, which drives the three partially-occupied Re $t_{2g}$ bands split into two fully-filled bands and one empty band in the minority-spin channel. With the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) taken into account, the Ca2MReO6 (M=Cr,Fe) shows high magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) with the magnetic easy axis along pseudocubic [010] direction, and the total magnetic moments increase by 0.209$μ_B$ and 0.258$μ_B$ per formula unit, respectively, due to the strong SOC effect on Re ion. Although reducing to 0.31 and 0.03 eV, the semiconductor gaps remain open in spite of the SOC broadening of the Re $t_{2g}$-related bands. Therefore, our DFT investigation with mBJ has established the correct ferrimagnetic semiconductor ground state for the double perovskites Ca2MReO6 (M=Cr,Fe). This mechanism, different from that in double perovskite Sr2CrOsO6, can help understand physical properties of other similar compounds.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决实验观测到的非金属性行为与先前DFT-GGA预测的Ca₂CrReO₆和Ca₂FeReO₆金属态之间的矛盾。
  • 确定这些双钙钛矿材料中半导体能隙的起源,尤其关注其单斜P2₁/n结构和高居里温度的背景。
  • 研究自旋-轨道耦合(SOC)对电子结构、磁各向异性和能隙稳定性的影响。
  • 通过mBJ势建立可靠的电子结构模型,以校正DFT-GGA在过渡金属氧化物中对能隙低估的问题。

提出的方法

  • 采用密度泛函理论(DFT)框架下的全势线性化增广平面波(FP-LAPW)方法进行电子结构和磁性结构计算。
  • 使用改进的Becke-Johnson(mBJ)交换势以提高强关联体系中能隙计算的准确性。
  • 通过求解核心态的径向狄拉克方程并采用标量相对论处理价态,实现自旋-轨道耦合(SOC)的自洽处理。
  • 首先使用GGA交换-关联泛函进行几何结构优化,随后在优化后的结构上开展mBJ计算。
  • 通过在单斜结构中改变磁化方向,计算磁晶各向异性能(MCA)。
  • 将态密度投影到原子d轨道,分析轨道贡献及自旋分裂机制。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1当使用改进的交换泛函准确建模时,Ca₂CrReO₆和Ca₂FeReO₆的真实电子基态是金属态还是半导体态?
  • RQ2在Re 5d t₂g能带部分填充且存在单斜畸变的条件下,这些亚铁磁双钙钛矿材料中半导体能隙的物理机制是什么?
  • RQ3自旋-轨道耦合如何影响这些体系的能带结构、磁矩大小及能隙尺寸?
  • RQ4为何标准的GGA-DFT计算无法预测Ca₂MReO₆(M=Cr,Fe)中实验观测到的绝缘行为?
  • RQ5在自旋-轨道耦合下,半导体能隙是否依然稳定?其起源是否可归因于轨道分裂与对称性破缺?

主要发现

  • 通过完整的结构优化,确认Ca₂CrReO₆和Ca₂FeReO₆的基态结构为单斜P2₁/n相。
  • mBJ-DFT计算揭示了分别为0.38 eV和0.05 eV的半导体能隙,纠正了GGA方法错误预测的金属态。
  • 半导体能隙源于Jahn-Teller畸变引起的Re 5d t₂g能带分裂,形成自旋向下通道中填满的dxy+dxz双重态和空的dyz单重态。
  • 自旋-轨道耦合使能隙分别减小至0.31 eV和0.03 eV,但因能带分裂具有强鲁棒性,仍保持绝缘特性。
  • 由于自旋向下态的混合,总磁矩分别增加了0.209 μB和0.258 μB每化学式单元,且磁矩为非整数。
  • 系统表现出较高的磁晶各向异性,易磁化轴沿赝立方[010]方向,表明其在自旋电子学应用中具有潜力。

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