[论文解读] Real-time Structural Health Monitoring System Using Internet of Things and Cloud Computing
本文提出了一种将物联网传感器与云计算相结合的实时结构健康监测系统,实现结构变形的动态三维可视化。通过将全局坐标系下的传感器数据经反向运动学计算转换为局部构件的运动,系统能够精确建模形状变化,并利用基于套接字的云环境数据流,在基于Web的三维模型中实时可视化位移和加速度。
Real-time monitoring of various structural behaviors, particularly displacement and acceleration, serves important and valuable information for people; for example, they can be used for active control or damage warning. With recent advancement of the Internet of Things and client-side web technologies, wireless integrated sensor devices nowadays can process real-time raw sensor signal data into target measurements, such as displacement, and then send the results through a standard protocol to the servers on the Internet. The monitoring results are further processed for visualization purpose in the servers and the computed results are pushed to connected clients like browsers or mobile applications in real-time. We build a real-time cloud-based system that can receive heterogeneous IoT data, allow users to create a three-dimensional model online according to the real world structure, and the monitoring results can be visualized in that model. In this paper, we illustrate the software architecture of the proposed system and focus on the technologies that are used, like client-side scripting, NoSql database, and socket communication. We also present the challenges of displaying the overall movement and shape transformation of the 3D structural model. Thus, each internal-connected element's rotations and translations are obtained by converting the monitoring results of each sensor device measured in the global coordinate system. To overcome this, we create an inverted movement calculation method. A simple 3D two-level structural model and simulated sensor displacements are used to demonstrate system function and validate the inverted movement calculation method.
研究动机与目标
- 开发一种基于物联网和网络技术的实时、基于云的结构健康监测系统。
- 实现实时传感器数据驱动的在线创建和动态可视化三维结构模型。
- 解决从全局坐标系传感器测量数据中可视化复杂结构形变变换的挑战。
- 利用现代网络和数据库技术实现高效的数据处理和实时客户端-服务器通信。
- 通过模拟的三维结构模型验证反向运动计算方法的准确性。
提出的方法
- 部署无线物联网传感器节点,实时测量位移和加速度。
- 在客户端对原始传感器数据进行处理,以计算目标结构响应。
- 使用标准网络协议将处理后的数据传输至云服务器。
- 将异构传感器数据存储于NoSQL数据库中,实现可扩展的数据访问。
- 使用套接字通信将实时监测结果推送到网络和移动客户端。
- 应用反向运动计算方法,从全局传感器数据推导出局部构件的旋转与平移。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1如何利用物联网和云计算实现结构健康监测的实时化?
- RQ2如何基于传感器数据实时动态更新并可视化三维结构模型?
- RQ3何种方法能够实现从全局坐标系传感器测量数据中准确重构结构形变?
- RQ4所提出的基于云的数据处理管道在性能和可扩展性方面有何特征?
- RQ5反向运动计算方法在建模结构形变方面效果如何?
主要发现
- 该系统成功利用物联网传感器数据,在基于Web的三维模型中实现了结构形变的实时可视化。
- 反向运动计算方法能够准确地从全局坐标系传感器测量数据中重构出局部构件的运动。
- 基于套接字的通信机制确保了低延迟的数据推送,支持实时监测。
- NoSQL数据库能够高效管理大规模异构物联网数据流。
- 通过模拟的双层三维结构验证了系统对复杂形变变换的建模能力。
- 客户端脚本实现了无需专用软件的交互式三维可视化。
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