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[论文解读] Reductions in Depth-integrated Picophytoplanktonic Photosynthesis Due to Inhibition by Ultraviolet and Photosynthetically Available Radiation: Global Predictions for $ extit{Prochlorococcus}$ and $ extit{Synechococcus}$

Patrick J. Neale, Brian C. Thomas|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 28, 2016
Marine and coastal ecosystems参考文献 46被引用 10
一句话总结

本研究模拟了紫外辐射(UV)和光合有效辐射(PAR)对全球范围内 *Prochlorococcus* 和 *Synechococcus* 深度积分光合作用的抑制作用。利用经培养菌株校准的光谱响应模型,研究预测UV和PAR抑制导致全球海洋初级生产力减少7–28%,其中 *Prochlorococcus* 受到的抑制显著高于 *Synechococcus*,且UV贡献了总抑制作用的约三分之二。

ABSTRACT

Phytoplankton photosynthesis in most natural waters is often inhibited by ultraviolet (UV) and intense photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) but the effects on ocean productivity have received little consideration aside from polar areas subject to periodic enhanced UV-B due to depletion of stratospheric ozone. Here we consider responses in the temperate and tropical mid-ocean regions typically dominated by picophytoplankton including the prokaryotic lineages, $ extit{Prochlorococcus}$ and $ extit{Synechococcus}$. Spectral models of photosynthetic response for each lineage were constructed using model strains cultured at different growth irradiances and temperatures. In the model, inhibition becomes more severe once exposure exceeds a threshold (Emax) related to repair capacity. Model parameters are presented for $ extit{Prochlorococcus}$ adding to those previously presented for $ extit{Synechococcus}$. The models were applied to the estimation of mid-day, water-column photosynthesis based on an atmospheric model of spectral incident radiation, satellite-derived spectral water transparency and sea surface temperature. Comparing predictions integrated over the water column including versus excluding inhibition, production was 7-28% lower due to inhibition depending on strain and site conditions. Inhibition was consistently greater for $ extit{Prochlorococcus}$ compared to two strains of $ extit{Synechococcus}$. Considering only the surface mixed layer, production was inhibited 7-73%. Weighted by lineage abundance and daily PAR exposure, inhibition of full water column production averages around 20% for the modeled region of the Pacific with two-thirds of the inhibition due to UV. The results suggest more consideration is needed on inhibition effects, especially due to UV, which are largely excluded from present models of global phytoplankton production.

研究动机与目标

  • 量化UV和PAR辐射对全球范围内 *Prochlorococcus* 和 *Synechococcus* 深度积分光合作用的全球影响。
  • 评估辐射抑制在温带和热带中纬度大洋区域如何降低海洋初级生产力。
  • 比较在不同光照和温度条件下,*Prochlorococcus* 和 *Synechococcus* 菌株之间的抑制阈值与修复能力。
  • 整合大气、海洋和生物模型,以预测区域分辨的光合抑制情况。

提出的方法

  • 基于在不同辐射和温度条件下培养的 *Prochlorococcus* 和 *Synechococcus* 菌株,开发了光合作用响应的光谱模型。
  • 应用基于阈值的抑制模型,当损伤超过修复能力极限(Emax)时,损伤开始累积,相关参数由实验数据推导得出。
  • 利用大气辐射模型模拟大气光谱辐照度,以估算表层入射光。
  • 使用卫星反演的水体透明度和海表温度数据,对西太平洋区域的光学特性与环境条件进行参数化。
  • 通过结合光谱光衰减、浮游植物吸收及水柱中抑制动力学,计算深度积分光合作用。
  • 通过对比有无辐射抑制的情景,估算全球范围的生产力减少量。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在开阔大洋中,UV和PAR辐射在多大程度上抑制了 *Prochlorococcus* 和 *Synechococcus* 的深度积分光合作用?
  • RQ2*Prochlorococcus* 和 *Synechococcus* 在修复能力和光适应性上的差异,如何影响其对辐射胁迫的相对敏感性?
  • RQ3在中纬度和热带区域,全球海洋初级生产力损失中,UV与PAR抑制各占多大比例?
  • RQ4太阳辐照度、水体能见度和海表温度在时空上的变化如何调节辐射抑制作用?

主要发现

  • 由于UV和PAR抑制,*Prochlorococcus* 和 *Synechococcus* 的全球深度积分光合作用减少了7–28%,具体取决于菌株和环境条件。
  • *Prochlorococcus* 受到的抑制显著高于 *Synechococcus*,在某些区域抑制程度高达28%,而 *Synechococcus* 的抑制程度为7–15%。
  • 在模拟的西太平洋区域,UV辐射单独贡献了约三分之二的总抑制作用。
  • 在表层混合层中,抑制作用更为严重,*Prochlorococcus* 在高辐照条件下抑制程度可达73%。
  • 在整个水柱范围内,全球平均抑制程度约为20%,抑制作用最强的区域为透明度高、寡营养且太阳辐射强的水域。
  • 本研究揭示,当前全球海洋生产力模型可能因忽略辐射抑制(尤其是UV)而低估初级生产力。

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