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[论文解读] Relative permeability as a stationary process: energy fluctuations in immiscible displacement

James E. McClure, Ming Fan|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 2, 2022
Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques参考文献 84被引用 30
一句话总结

本论文从能量守恒出发推导出传统的相对渗透率关系,将其视为在时间和空间平均下的稳态过程。研究表明,即使在动态孔隙尺度连通性和能量波动的情况下,只要净能量输入和净功为零,相对渗透率依然有效,该方法通过多相流的直接数值模拟得到验证。

ABSTRACT

Relative permeability is commonly used to model immiscible fluid flow through porous materials. In this work we derive the relative permeability relationship from conservation of energy, assuming that the system to be non-ergodic at large length scales and relying on averaging in both space and time to homogenize the behavior. Explicit criteria are obtained to define stationary conditions: (1) there can be no net change for extensive measures of the system state over the time averaging interval; (2) the net energy inputs into the system are zero, meaning that the net rate of work done on the system must balance with the heat removed; and (3) there is no net work performed due to the contribution of internal energy fluctuations. Results are then evaluated based on direct numerical simulation. Dynamic connectivity is observed during steady-state flow, which is quantitatively assessed based the Euler characteristic. We show that even during steady-state flow at low capillary number ($\mathsf{Ca}\sim1 imes10^5$), typical flow processes will explore multiple connectivity states. The residence time for each connectivity state is captured based on the time-and-space average. The distribution for energy fluctuations is shown to be multi-modal and non-Gaussian when terms are considered independently. However, we demonstrate that their sum is zero. Given an appropriate choice of the thermodynamic driving force, we show that the conventional relative permeability relationship is sufficient to model the energy dissipation in systems with complex pore-scale dynamics that routinely alter the structure of fluid connected pathways.

研究动机与目标

  • 基于能量守恒而非动量平衡,为相对渗透率提供理论基础。
  • 解决多孔介质中经验性相对渗透率模型缺乏第一性原理依据的问题。
  • 确立在动态、非平衡孔隙尺度流体构型下,相对渗透率仍保持有效的条件。
  • 量化能量波动和连通性动态在稳态流中的作用,尤其在低毛细数条件下。
  • 通过多孔介质中两相流的直接数值模拟验证理论框架。

提出的方法

  • 从能量守恒出发推导相对渗透率关系,假设系统为稳态并进行时间和空间平均。
  • 定义稳态条件:(1) 系统广延性质在时间上无净变化,(2) 净能量输入为零(功与热量移除平衡),(3) 内部能量波动无净功。
  • 应用尺度依赖的能量平衡,推导出无需代表性元体单元(REV)的达西定律形式。
  • 使用多孔介质中两相流的直接数值模拟(DNS)评估动态连通性和能量波动。
  • 利用欧拉特征数量化动态连通性,以评估流体通路的拓扑变化。
  • 分析能量波动分布,证明尽管单个分量呈非高斯、多峰分布,其总和仍为零,满足能量守恒。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在不混溶两相流中,相对渗透率能否从能量守恒而非动量平衡推导?
  • RQ2在动态、非遍历性孔隙尺度流动中,相对渗透率保持有效的必要条件是什么?
  • RQ3能量波动和动态连通性如何影响稳态相对渗透率的有效性?
  • RQ4两相流中的能量波动在多大程度上违背高斯统计?其总和行为如何?
  • RQ5传统相对渗透率模型能否捕捉具有间歇性、演化流体通路系统的能量耗散?

主要发现

  • 在稳态条件下,即使孔隙尺度连通性动态波动,传统相对渗透率关系仍与能量守恒一致。
  • 在低毛细数(Ca ~ 1×10⁻⁵)的稳态流中观察到动态连通性,流体通路间歇性形成与断裂。
  • 单独考虑时,能量波动分布为多峰且非高斯,但其总和为零,满足能量平衡。
  • 达到稳态条件的时间尺度与能量波动约束相关,为实验数据有效性提供判据。
  • 欧拉特征数可定量捕捉瞬态连通状态,其驻留时间可通过时间和空间平均测量。
  • 该方法可在无需代表性元体单元(REV)的条件下推导输运系数,增强了在非均质系统中的适用性。

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