[论文解读] Resilient Chaotic Cross-Layer Routing for Smart Grid IoT Networks

Dhrumil Bhatt, Anakha Kurup+1 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 2, 2026

Smart Grid Security and Resilience被引用 0

一句话总结

引入 DAMCR，一种分布式双无线电跨层路由框架，结合混沌频率跳变、自适应功率控制与协作中继，在异构智能电网物联网网络中实现高可靠性与低时延。

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the Distributed Adaptive Multi-Radio Cross-Layer Routing (DAMCR) protocol, designed to enhance reliability, adaptability, and energy efficiency in smart grid and industrial Internet of Things (IoT) communication networks. DAMCR integrates Chaotic Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (C-FHSS) to improve physical-layer security and jamming resilience with Link-Adaptive Quality Power Control (LAQPC) to dynamically regulate transmission power based on instantaneous link quality and residual node energy. To meet heterogeneous traffic requirements, the protocol incorporates priority-aware message classification that differentiates between periodic monitoring data and time-critical fault and protection messages. The proposed framework is implemented and evaluated in MATLAB using a heterogeneous network composed of LoRa, Wi-Fi, and dual-radio nodes operating under AWGN, Rayleigh, and Rician fading environments. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that DAMCR consistently achieves a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) exceeding 95% across all evaluated scenarios, while maintaining end-to-end latency between 17 and 23 ms, even in the presence of controlled jamming attacks. These results confirm that the tight integration of chaos-based spectrum agility, cross-technology routing, and energy-aware cross-layer adaptation significantly improves communication reliability, latency stability, and resilience compared to conventional single-radio and static-routing protocols.

研究动机与目标

• 解决具有异构无线电（LoRa 与 Wi-Fi）的智能电网物联网网络中的可靠性、时延和能源效率问题。
• 通过实现完全分布式路由和自愈能力，消除中心化故障点。
• 通过混沌频率跳变与频谱灵活性提升对干扰的安全性与弹性。
• 提供能量感知路由与协作多样性，以支撑大规模部署。

提出的方法

• 使用基于逻辑斯谛映射的跳频的混沌频率跳变扩频（C-FHSS）以抵御干扰。
• 链路自适应质量功率控制（LAQPC）在保持目标信噪比（SNR）的同时平衡能量消耗。
• 将 LoRa 与 Wi-Fi 的双无线电异构路由整合，形成分布式骨干。
• 组合路由权重 Wij = α(1−Psucc,ij) + β Ei−1，用于选择可靠且能量平衡的链路。
• 协作中继，采用解码前向（decode-and-forward）并且中继概率 pr = 0.25；时间反转（TR）信道聚焦以实现多径增益。

Figure 1: Proposed System

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 一个使用混沌光谱访问与能量感知路由的完全分布式跨层框架，能否在异构智能电网物联网网络中实现高可靠性？
• RQ2 在不同衰落条件与干扰下，集成混沌 FHSS、LAQPC 与协作多样性对时延、可靠性与能耗的影响是什么？
• RQ3 在攻击场景下，与现有 Wi-Fi/LoRa 路由协议相比，DAMCR 在端到端吞吐量（PDR）和端到端时延方面的表现如何？

主要发现

Nodes	Fading	Attack	SNR	PDR	Latency	Energy	Hops
30	AWGN	None	47.2	0.994	20.7	0.112	2.07
30	AWGN	Jam	48.6	0.982	22.6	0.149	2.26
60	Rayleigh	None	49.5	0.990	17.3	0.096	1.73
100	Rician	None	52.7	0.999	18.0	0.110	1.80

• 在被干扰的多种情景下，DAMCR 的分组传递成功率（PDR）始终保持在 95% 以上。
• 在不同衰落环境和密度下，端到端时延维持在 17-23 ms 之间。
• 在无干扰环境中，PDR 常常超过 99%，且在 AWGN、瑞利衰落与瑞克逊衰落下仍保持较高水平。
• 与选定的传统协议相比，DAMCR 的 PDR 最高提升约 10%，且时延降低约 50%。
• 在分布式路由和能量感知负载均衡下，框架可扩展至节点数 N = 500 的规模。

Figure 2: Latency of the system for all the noise models for various nodes.