[论文解读] Resting-state functional connectivity-based biomarkers and functional MRI-based neurofeedback for psychiatric disorders: a challenge for developing theranostic biomarkers
本文提出了一种利用静息态功能连接磁共振成像(rs-fcMRI)和基于fMRI的神经反馈来开发精神病性障碍治疗诊断生物标志物的框架。该方法包含两个部分:首先,识别出能够以高精度预测诊断和症状的rs-fcMRI生物标志物;其次,利用神经反馈验证是否通过使这些生物标志物正常化可带来症状改善,从而建立神经环路与行为之间的因果联系。
Psychiatric research has been hampered by an explanatory gap between psychiatric symptoms and their neural underpinnings, which has resulted in poor treatment outcomes. This situation has prompted us to shift from symptom-based diagnosis to data-driven diagnosis, aiming to redefine psychiatric disorders as disorders of neural circuitry. Promising candidates for data-driven diagnosis include resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI)-based biomarkers. Although biomarkers have been developed with the aim of diagnosing patients and predicting the efficacy of therapy, the focus has shifted to the identification of biomarkers that represent therapeutic targets, which would allow for more personalized treatment approaches. This type of biomarker (i.e., theranostic biomarker) is expected to elucidate the disease mechanism of psychiatric conditions and to offer an individualized neural circuit-based therapeutic target based on the neural cause of a condition. To this end, researchers have developed rs-fcMRI-based biomarkers and investigated a causal relationship between potential biomarkers and disease-specific behavior using functional MRI (fMRI)-based neurofeedback on functional connectivity. In this review, we introduce recent approach for creating a theranostic biomarker, which consists mainly of two parts: (i) developing an rs-fcMRI-based biomarker that can predict diagnosis and/or symptoms with high accuracy, and (ii) the introduction of a proof-of-concept study investigating the relationship between normalizing the biomarker and symptom changes using fMRI-based neurofeedback. In parallel with the introduction of recent studies, we review rs-fcMRI-based biomarker and fMRI-based neurofeedback, focusing on the technological improvements and limitations associated with clinical use.
研究动机与目标
- 通过从基于症状的诊断转向数据驱动的诊断,弥合精神病性症状与其神经基础之间的解释鸿沟。
- 开发基于静息态功能连接磁共振成像(rs-fcMRI)的生物标志物,以高精度预测精神病性诊断和症状严重程度。
- 利用基于fMRI的神经反馈,建立生物标志物正常化与症状变化之间的因果联系。
- 通过识别治疗的神经环路水平靶点,实现个性化、基于环路的治疗干预。
提出的方法
- 利用静息态fMRI数据中的功能连接模式,开发基于rs-fcMRI的生物标志物。
- 应用多变量模式分析和机器学习技术,识别能够预测精神病性诊断和症状严重程度的生物标志物。
- 设计基于fMRI的神经反馈方案,训练参与者调节被识别为生物标志物的特定功能连接模式。
- 开展概念验证研究,测试通过神经反馈下调病理性生物标志物是否可导致症状减轻。
- 将生物标志物识别与神经反馈干预整合到统一的治疗诊断框架中,用于精神病性障碍。
- 评估将rs-fcMRI生物标志物和神经反馈技术转化为常规临床应用过程中的技术进步与临床局限性。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1基于rs-fcMRI的生物标志物能否在个体患者中准确预测精神病性诊断和症状严重程度?
- RQ2特定功能连接模式的正常化与精神病性症状改善之间是否存在因果关系?
- RQ3基于fMRI的神经反馈能否以目标明确且可靠的方式调节已识别的rs-fcMRI生物标志物?
- RQ4rs-fcMRI生物标志物在多大程度上反映了精神病性障碍的潜在神经环路?
- RQ5在将rs-fcMRI生物标志物和神经反馈应用于常规精神科护理时,面临哪些关键技术与临床障碍?
主要发现
- 基于rs-fcMRI的生物标志物在预测精神病性诊断和症状严重程度方面表现出高准确性,支持其作为诊断工具的潜力。
- 概念验证研究显示,基于fMRI的神经反馈能够成功调节特定功能连接模式,表明靶向环路干预的可行性。
- 通过神经反馈使病理性rs-fcMRI生物标志物正常化,与临床症状的同步减轻相关,提示存在因果联系。
- 实时fMRI分析和神经反馈传递技术的进步,提高了生物标志物调节的精确性与可靠性。
- 尽管已取得进展,rs-fcMRI生物标志物和神经反馈方案在标准化、可重复性以及临床转化方面仍面临挑战。
- 将生物标志物识别与神经反馈整合,为实现个性化、基于环路的精神疾病治疗提供了有前景的路径。
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