[论文解读] Rheology of concentrated suspension of fibers with load dependent friction coefficient
本研究采用浸入边界法进行直接数值模拟,以模拟柔性纤维悬浮液,引入与载荷相关的摩擦系数以捕捉接触动力学。结果表明,在高浓度悬浮液中,摩擦与粗糙度主导黏度,导致剪切变稀行为,并随粗糙度和长径比增加而降低阻塞体积分数。
We numerically investigate the effects of fiber aspect ratio, roughness, flexibility, and flow inertia on the rheology of concentrated suspensions. We perform direct numerical simulations modeling the fibers, suspended in an incompressible Newtonian fluid, as continuous flexible slender bodies obeying the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. An immersed Boundary Method (IBM) is employed to solve for the motion of fibers. In concentrated suspensions, fibers come into contact due to the presence of asperities on their surface. We assume a normal load-dependent friction coefficient to model contact dynamics and friction, which successfully recovers the shear-thinning behaviour observed in experiments. First, we report the shear rate dependent behavior and the increase in the suspension viscosity with the increasing volume fraction of fibers, fiber roughness, and rigidity. The increase in the viscosity is stronger at a lower shear rate and finite inertia. Simulation results indicate that for the concentrated suspensions, contact stresses between fibers form the dominant contribution to the viscosity. Moreover, we find the first normal stress difference to be positive and to increase with the Reynolds number for flexible fibers. Lastly, we explore the divergence of viscosity for different aspect ratios and roughness of the fibers and predict the jamming volume fraction by fitting the data to the Maron-Pierce law. The jamming volume fraction decreases with increasing the aspect ratio and roughness. We conclude that the contact forces and interparticle friction become one of the crucial factors governing the rheology of flexible fiber suspensions at high concentrations.
研究动机与目标
- 研究剪切流下高浓度纤维悬浮液的流变行为。
- 理解纤维粗糙度、柔韧性、长径比及流动惯性在黏度与法向应力差中的作用。
- 采用与载荷相关的摩擦系数建模接触力,以捕捉实验观测到的剪切变稀行为。
- 预测阻塞体积分数及其与纤维几何形状和表面粗糙度的关系。
- 量化流体-固体相互作用与摩擦对悬浮液黏度及法向应力差的贡献。
提出的方法
- 将柔性纤维建模为受欧拉-伯努利梁方程控制的连续细长体。
- 采用浸入边界法(IBM)求解不可压缩牛顿流体中的流固耦合问题。
- 通过微凸体建模纤维-纤维接触,采用法向载荷依赖的摩擦系数,参考Brizmer等(2007)的研究。
- 引入一种摩擦定律,其中摩擦系数在低法向载荷时减小,并在高载荷时趋于平稳。
- 在不同体积分数、剪切速率、雷诺数及纤维特性下执行直接数值模拟。
- 通过应力预算分析分离流体动力学力与接触力的贡献,并将数据拟合至修正的Maron-Pierce阻塞定律。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1纤维粗糙度如何影响高浓度纤维悬浮液的黏度与阻塞行为?
- RQ2载荷相关摩擦在再现实验观测到的剪切变稀行为中起何作用?
- RQ3纤维长径比与柔韧性如何影响第一法向应力差及悬浮液微观结构?
- RQ4阻塞体积分数如何随纤维粗糙度与长径比变化?
- RQ5在高浓度下,接触力在决定悬浮液黏度时相对于流体动力力的主导程度如何?
主要发现
- 黏度随纤维体积分数、粗糙度与刚度显著增加,尤其在低剪切速率和有限雷诺数条件下。
- 在高浓度悬浮液中,纤维间接触应力主导黏度,流体-固体相互作用的贡献随粗糙度与刚度增加而增强。
- 第一法向应力差为正,且随雷诺数增加而增大,尤其在柔性纤维中,与实验观测一致。
- 黏度在接近阻塞点时呈现 $(\phi_m - \phi)^{-1}$ 的发散行为,与球形悬浮液中的 $(\phi_m - \phi)^{-2}$ 标度不同。
- 阻塞体积分数 $\phi_m$ 随纤维长径比与表面粗糙度增加而降低,这是由于接触网络更致密且有效摩擦更高。
- 通过 $\phi_m$ 对体积分数进行重标度后,不同长径比下的数据可实现统一,表明在粗糙度固定时,长径比主要控制 $\phi_m$。
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