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[论文解读] Room-temperature quantum sensing with photoexcited triplet electrons in organic crystals

Harpreet Singh, Noella D’Souza|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 21, 2024
Organic and Molecular Conductors Research被引用 6
一句话总结

本论文展示了在室温条件下使用光激发的自旋三重态电子在 pentacene-doped p-terphenyl 晶体中的量子传感,实现高对比度的光学探测磁共振(ODMR)和相干控制,包括产生较长相干时间的脉冲方案。

ABSTRACT

Quantum sensors have notably advanced high-sensitivity magnetic field detection. Here, we report quantum sensors constructed from polarized spin-triplet electrons in photoexcited organic chromophores, specifically focusing on pentacene-doped para-terphenyl (${\approx}$0.1%). We demonstrate essential quantum sensing properties at room temperature: electronic optical polarization and state-dependent fluorescence contrast, by leveraging differential pumping and relaxation rates between triplet and ground states. We measure high optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) contrast ${\approx}16.8\%$ of the triplet states at room temperature, along with long coherence times under spin echo and CPMG sequences, $T_2{=}2.7μ$s and $T_2^{DD}{=}18.4μ$s respectively, limited only by the triplet lifetimes. The material offers several advantages for quantum sensing, including the ability to grow large ($cm$-scale) crystals at low cost, the absence of paramagnetic impurities, and the diamagnetism of electronic states used for sensing when not optically illuminated. Utilizing pentacene as a representative of a broader class of spin triplet-polarizable organic molecules, this study highlights new potential for quantum sensing in chemical systems.

研究动机与目标

  • 在室温下证明有机晶体中光学初始化和读出光激发的三重态自旋。
  • 展示光学探测的磁共振(ODMR)高对比度以及对三重态子能级的相干微波控制。
  • 在 pentacene-doped p-terphenyl 体系中定量评估相干时间 (T2, T2DD) 及弛豫时间 (T1)。
  • 评估有机晶体量子传感器在可扩展、低成本量子传感方面的实际优势。

提出的方法

  • 以 pentacene 掺杂进入 para-terphenyl 晶体作为三重态基量子传感的模型体系。
  • 实现光泵浦,以通过不同比转系统跨越速率差使三重态子能级极化。
  • 在室温下用光学探测磁共振(ODMR)探针自旋跃迁。
  • 同时使用连续波和脉冲光激发以提高 ODMR 对比度。
  • 用 Rabi、Ramsey、Hahn 回波和 Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) 序列表征相干性。
  • 从测得的斜率、光子计数和读出窗口中提取灵敏度估计。
Fig. 1: System and Principle. (A) Crystal structure of pentacene molecule doped in p -terphenyl. Primitive lattice vectors are marked $\hat{\textbf{a}}$ , $\hat{\textbf{b}}$ , and $\hat{\textbf{c}}$ , with lattice parameters: $a{=}8.2$ Å, $b{=}5.6$ Å, $c{=}13.6$ Å [ 26 ] . Molecular axis are marked
Fig. 1: System and Principle. (A) Crystal structure of pentacene molecule doped in p -terphenyl. Primitive lattice vectors are marked $\hat{\textbf{a}}$ , $\hat{\textbf{b}}$ , and $\hat{\textbf{c}}$ , with lattice parameters: $a{=}8.2$ Å, $b{=}5.6$ Å, $c{=}13.6$ Å [ 26 ] . Molecular axis are marked

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1是否可以在有机晶体中通过光激发的三重态电子实现室温量子传感?
  • RQ2在室温下 pentacene-doped p-terphenyl 能达到何种 ODMR 对比度和相干时间?
  • RQ3脉冲光初始化和动态去耦合如何影响该体系中的 ODMR 对比度与自旋相干性?
  • RQ4与无机缺陷中心相比,有机晶体量子传感器在可扩展、低成本磁感应方面提供哪些实际优势?

主要发现

  • 在脉冲照明下,Txy 转换的 ODMR 对比度高达 16.8%。
  • 在 12.9 MHz 观察到拉比振荡,表明实现相干控制。
  • T2 = 2.7 μs 来自 Hahn 回波测量。
  • T2DD = 18.4 μs,使用 148 ns 的 CPMG 序列。
  • T1 = 22.9 μs,对三重态-基态的弛豫。
  • 在偏置 B0 = 2.5 mT 下,Txy 的 DC 灵敏度为 327 nT/√Hz,Txz 为 257 nT/√Hz(体积归一化:24 μT μm3/2/√Hz 和 19.5 μT μm3/2/√Hz,分别)。
  • 脉冲激光初始化的 ODMR 对比度高于 cw 照明,最高可达 16.8%,并有进一步提高的潜力。
Fig. 2: ODMR of the photoexcited triplet. (A) ODMR spectrum at zero-field measured using cw-illumination protocol ( Inset (i)) at 0.6 W MW power. Data reveals three triplet transitions at 108, 1340, and 1448 MHz; linewidth $\ell{=}7$ MHz. $T_{yz}$ transition contrast is inverted in sign. (B) Linewid
Fig. 2: ODMR of the photoexcited triplet. (A) ODMR spectrum at zero-field measured using cw-illumination protocol ( Inset (i)) at 0.6 W MW power. Data reveals three triplet transitions at 108, 1340, and 1448 MHz; linewidth $\ell{=}7$ MHz. $T_{yz}$ transition contrast is inverted in sign. (B) Linewid

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