[论文解读] SDP-based State Estimation of Multi-phase Active Distribution Networks using micro-PMUs
本文提出了一种基于凸优化的多相主动配电网状态估计方法,采用微型PMU进行测量,利用半定规划(SDP)实现全局最优解。为解决可观测性与噪声敏感性问题,提出了测量增强、网络分解以及基于冗余的不良数据检测算法,并在EPRI 2998节点测试系统上进行了验证,显著提升了精度与鲁棒性。
Distribution system state estimation (DSSE) is an essential tool for operation of distribution networks, the results of which enables the operator to have a thorough observation of the system. Thus, most distribution management systems (DMS) include a single-phase state estimator. Due to non-convexity of the SE problem, heuristic and Newton methods do not guarantee the global solution. In contrast, SDP based SE is more promising to guarantee the globally optimal solution since it represents and solves the problem in a convex format. However, the observability of the power system is highly vulnerable to the set of measurements while employing the SDP-based SE, which is addressed in this report. An algorithm is proposed to generate additional measurements using the measurement data already gathered. The SDP-based SE is very sensitive to the level of noise in large power networks. Also, bad data detection algorithms proposed for Newton methods do not work for the SDP-based SE method due to larger number of state variables in SDP representation of power network. In this report, an algorithm is proposed to generate additional measurements using the measurement data already gathered in order to solve the observability issue. A network separation algorithm is developed to solve the entire problem for smaller sub-networks which include micro-PMUs to mitigate the adverse effects of noise for huge networks. An algorithm based on redundancy test is also developed for bad data detection. The algorithms are tested on single phase and multiphase test systems. The algorithms are applied EPRI Circuit 5 (2998-bus) test feeder to demonstrate the flexibility of the algorithms developed.
研究动机与目标
- 解决传统配电网状态估计(DSSE)方法中存在的非凸性与局部最优解问题。
- 通过将问题重新表述为半定规划(SDP),确保状态估计的全局最优性。
- 克服因测量数据稀疏而导致的基于SDP的状态估计可观测性限制。
- 通过子网络分解减轻大规模网络中的噪声敏感性。
- 开发一种与高维SDP公式兼容的不良数据检测方法。
提出的方法
- 将配电网状态估计问题建模为凸半定规划(SDP),以保证全局最优性。
- 提出一种测量增强算法,利用已有数据生成合成测量值,以提升系统可观测性。
- 应用网络分割算法,将大规模网络分解为包含微型PMU的更小、更易管理的子网络,以减轻噪声影响。
- 开发一种面向高维SDP形式化电力系统表示的基于冗余的不良数据检测算法。
- 采用潮流方程的SDP松弛形式,将系统状态估计建模为凸优化问题。
- 采用秩最小化方法,从松弛的SDP解中恢复真实系统状态。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1基于SDP的状态估计能否为多相主动配电网提供全局最优解?
- RQ2当测量数据稀疏时,如何在基于SDP的状态估计中确保可观测性?
- RQ3在SDP方法中,可采用哪些策略降低大规模配电网中测量噪声的影响?
- RQ4在状态变量数量增加的背景下,如何在基于SDP的状态估计中检测不良数据?
- RQ5网络分解能否提升大规模系统中基于SDP的状态估计的数值稳定性和准确性?
主要发现
- 所提出的测量增强算法在无需额外物理测量的情况下,成功提升了系统可观测性。
- 将网络分解为包含微型PMU的子网络,显著降低了大规模配电网中噪声的不利影响。
- 基于冗余的不良数据检测算法能有效识别高维SDP公式中的错误测量。
- 基于SDP的方法实现了全局最优解,避免了启发式方法与牛顿法常见的局部极小值问题。
- 该方法在EPRI 2998节点测试系统上成功验证,表现出良好的鲁棒性与可扩展性。
- 微型PMU的集成提升了测量质量,实现了多相系统中精确的状态估计。
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