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[论文解读] SDSS-V: Pioneering Panoptic Spectroscopy

Juna A. Kollmeier, Gail Zasowski|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 9, 2017
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies参考文献 5被引用 108
一句话总结

SDSS-V 是一个全星空、多时相光谱调查,包含三个相互关联的项目——Milky Way Mapper、Black Hole Mapper 和 Local Volume Mapper——目标是对数以百万计的对象进行全景光谱观测和 3,000+ deg2 的 IFU 映射。

ABSTRACT

SDSS-V will be an all-sky, multi-epoch spectroscopic survey of over six million objects. It is designed to decode the history of the Milky Way, trace the emergence of the chemical elements, reveal the inner workings of stars, and investigate the origin of planets. It will also create an integral-field spectroscopic map of the gas in the Galaxy and the Local Group that is 1,000x larger than the current state of the art and at high enough spatial resolution to reveal the self-regulation mechanisms of galactic ecosystems. SDSS-V will pioneer systematic, spectroscopic monitoring across the whole sky, revealing changes on timescales from 20 minutes to 20 years. The survey will thus track the flickers, flares, and radical transformations of the most luminous persistent objects in the universe: massive black holes growing at the centers of galaxies. The scope and flexibility of SDSS-V will be unique among extant and future spectroscopic surveys: it is all-sky, with matched survey infrastructures in both hemispheres; it provides near-IR and optical multi-object fiber spectroscopy that is rapidly reconfigurable to serve high target densities, targets of opportunity, and time-domain monitoring; and it provides optical, ultra-wide-field integral field spectroscopy. SDSS-V, with its programs anticipated to start in 2020, will be well-timed to multiply the scientific output from major space missions (e.g., TESS, Gaia, eROSITA) and ground-based projects. SDSS-V builds on the 25-year heritage of SDSS's advances in data analysis, collaboration infrastructure, and product deliverables. The project is now refining its science scope, optimizing the survey strategies, and developing new hardware that builds on the SDSS-IV infrastructure. We present here an overview of the current state of these developments as we seek to build our worldwide consortium of institutional and individual members.

研究动机与目标

  • 在大尺度上绘制银河系、超大质量黑洞(SMBH)增长与星际介质(ISM)的需求,以进行全景、全天空光谱观测的动机。
  • 描述 SDSS-V Mapper 计划(Milky Way Mapper、Black Hole Mapper、Local Volume Mapper)及其科学目标。
  • 概述调查硬件、策略,以及促成联盟建设以实现对天空的多时相、多波长光谱图的规划。

提出的方法

  • 在两个半球各使用一台 2.5m 望远镜,配备近红外 APOGEE(R~22,000,300 条光纤)和光学 BOSS(R~2,000,500 条光纤)分光仪进行全天空的 MOS。
  • 以 ~2,000 光纤束进行超广域积分场光谱学(IFS),每个半球供给三台光学分光仪。
  • 处理并分析重复的光谱时段,以实现时间域研究和对黑洞的反射测绘(reverberation-mapping)。
  • 利用 SDSS-I–IV 的硬件与调查基础设施,并开发新组件以实现快速目标再获取和多时相策略。
  • 在三大 Mapper 之间实施目标选择策略,以最大化天空覆盖、观测深度和光谱范围(近红外和光学)。
  • 规划与同期任务(Gaia、TESS、eROSITA)的协同,以提升科学收益。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在全天空、含多时相数据的全景光谱观测如何推进对银河系结构、形成与恒星演化的理解?
  • RQ2通过大尺度、多时相的光学光谱观测以及对 eROSITA 的后续观测,能够学到关于超大质量黑洞生长与 AGN 变异性哪些内容?
  • RQ3以高空间分辨率在数千平方度覆盖绘制时,星际介质(ISM)的结构与调控如何?
  • RQ4如何通过积分场光谱学在局部体积范围内绘制ISM和恒星群体,从而揭示反馈和富集过程?
  • RQ5时域光谱学如何与时域成像观测互补,以揭示变化型类星体和吸积物理?

主要发现

  • SDSS-V 将在全天空获取超过 6 百万对象的光谱,并为约 100 万对象提供同质的多时相光谱观测。
  • 该调查将包括 APOGEE 的近红外 MOS(R~22,000)和 BOSS 的光学 MOS(R~2,000),使天空观测速率达到 ~40 deg2 hr^-1。
  • 它将使用约 2,000 光纤的 IFS 束,对 >3,000 deg2 进行超广域 IFS 映射,描绘局部体积中的 ISM 与恒星群体。
  • The Black Hole Mapper 将对 ~1,000–1,500 个类星体(z ~0.1–4.5)进行反射测绘,并在多次时相中监测 ~25,000 个类星体的光谱变异。
  • eROSITA 跟进将光学识别并表征在调查前 1.5 年检测到的 ~400,000 个 X 射线源,极大增加 AGN 样本量数量级。
  • Local Volume Mapper 目标是在银及周边星系以 ~25 pc 分辨率绘制离子化 ISM,使得从 pc 级到 kpc 级的 ISM 研究成为可能。

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