[论文解读] Search for associations containing young stars (SACY):II. Chemical abundances of stars in 11 young Associations in the Solar neighborhood
本研究利用高分辨率UVES光谱仪对太阳系附近的11个年轻星协中的63颗恒星进行了铁、硅和镍的精确化学丰度测量。尽管寻找了金属丰度较高的恒星群体,但未发现显著的金属过量;相反,这些丰度与典型的薄盘恒星一致,表明太阳系附近的高金属丰度系外行星宿主恒星并非本地形成,而很可能是通过银河系动力学过程被迁移至此。
The recently discovered coeval, moving groups of young stellar objects in the solar neighborhood represent invaluable laboratories to study recent star formation and to search for high metallicity stars which can be included in future exo-planet surveys. In this study we derived through an uniform and homogeneous method stellar atmospheric parameters and abundances for iron, silicium and nickel in 63 Post T-Tauri Stars from 11 nearby young associations. We further compare the results with two different pre-main sequence (PMS) and main sequence (MS) star populations. The stellar atmospheric parameters and the abundances presented here were derived using the equivalent width of individual lines in the stellar spectra through the excitation/ionization equilibrium of iron. Moreover, we compared the observed Balmer lines with synthetic profiles calculated for model atmospheres with a different line formation code. We found that the synthetic profiles agree reasonably well with the observed profiles, although the Balmer lines of many stars are substantially filled-in, probably by chromospheric emission. Solar metallicity is found to be a common trend on all the nearby young associations studied. The low abundance dispersion within each association strengthens the idea that the origin of these nearby young associations is related to the nearby Star Forming regions (SFR). Abundances of elements other than iron are consistent with previous results on Main Sequence stars in the solar neighborhood. The chemical characterization of the members of the newly found nearby young associations, performed in this study and intended to proceed in subsequent works, is essential for understanding and testing the context of local star formation and the evolutionary history of the galaxy.
研究动机与目标
- 确定太阳系附近11个年轻星协中恒星的铁、硅和镍的精确化学丰度。
- 检验这些年轻星协是否包含金属丰度较高的恒星,以判断高金属丰度系外行星宿主恒星是否可能在本地形成。
- 将这些年轻恒星的丰度模式与场星及先前研究的邻近恒星形成区(SFRs)进行比较。
- 评估这些星协的化学组成是否反映薄盘群体的特征,或暗示不同的形成机制。
- 通过与场星及SFRs的丰度模式比较,探究太阳系附近高金属丰度恒星的起源。
提出的方法
- 使用甚大望远镜/UT2 Kueyen望远镜上的UVES仪器进行高分辨率光谱观测(ESO观测编号079.C-0556(A))。
- 利用模型大气和辐射转移计算进行光谱分析,以推导元素丰度。
- 基于未重叠、未经非局部热动平衡(non-LTE)修正的谱线等效宽度测量结果,确定铁、硅和镍的丰度。
- 对每个星协中单颗恒星的丰度进行加权平均,计算平均[X/H]值及标准差。
- 将[X/Fe]与[Fe/H]的关系趋势与现有样本(包括GI06和SA08)进行比较,评估其与薄盘趋势的一致性。
- 使用Andreas Korn提供的程序对光谱进行叠加,以提高较暗目标的信噪比。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1太阳系附近的年轻星协是否包含金属丰度显著高于太阳的恒星?
- RQ2这些年轻恒星中硅和镍的丰度比与场星及邻近恒星形成区相比如何?
- RQ3这些年轻星协的化学丰度是否与典型的薄盘群体一致?
- RQ4这些年轻恒星是否存在独特的化学特征,可表明其为原位形成而非后期迁移?
- RQ5丰度模式对当前位于太阳系附近的高金属丰度恒星的起源有何启示?
主要发现
- 本研究与SA08样本合并后的年轻恒星总体显示无显著金属过量,加权平均[Fe/H]为-0.06 ± 0.04,与太阳金属丰度一致。
- 平均[Ni/H]为0.01 ± 0.10,[Si/H]为-0.11 ± 0.10,两者均与薄盘群体的丰度趋势相符。
- 硅和镍的[X/Fe]比值与GI06样本的比较结果良好一致,表明与已确立的薄盘趋势一致。
- 镍丰度存在轻微差异,略低于GI06样本,但作者认为这可能是系统误差所致,而非本质差异。
- 年轻星协中缺乏金属丰度较高的恒星,表明太阳系附近的高金属丰度系外行星宿主恒星并非本地形成,而很可能是通过银河系动力学过程迁移至此。
- 结果支持超金属丰度恒星在太阳系附近的形成位置可能位于银河系内区,随后被向外散射的假说。
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