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[论文解读] Search for low-mass vector and scalar resonances decaying into a quark-antiquark pair in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

CMS Collaboration|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 23, 2026
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies被引用 0
一句话总结

CMS 使用 13 TeV 数据(2016–2018,138 fb⁻¹)搜索衰变为 qq 的低质量共振体(50–300 GeV),结果未发现显著超出,针对自旋-1 Z′ 和自旋-0 φ/A 模型对夸克耦合设置限制。

ABSTRACT

A search for resonances with masses from 50 to 300 GeV decaying into a quark-antiquark pair is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016$-$2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 13 fb$^{-1}$. Two coupling scenarios are considered, with the resonances coupled either equally to all flavors of quarks or preferentially to bottom quarks. The search targets resonances produced in association with hard initial-state radiation, resulting in a large-radius jet with a two-pronged substructure. The ParticleNet algorithm is used to distinguish resonance decays to bottom quark pairs from lighter quark pairs and to suppress background processes. The invariant jet mass spectrum is scrutinized for peaking excesses over a falling background. No evidence for such resonances is observed. Limits are set on the couplings of new scalar and vector resonances to quarks, representing the most stringent limits to date in the mass range of 50$-$250 GeV.

研究动机与目标

  • 推动对新 dijet 共振信号的研究,作为超出标准模型物理的签迹。
  • 研究两个基准耦合场景:一个自旋-1 的 Z′ 与所有夸克味耦合相同;一个自旋-0 的标量/伪标量以类 Yukawa 的强度与夸克耦合。
  • 开发一种使用大半径喷注和先进标记的 boosted 双叉 dijet 分析,以抑制 QCD 背景。
  • 在 50–250 GeV 质量范围内提供对共振耦合到夸克的约束,并声称在该窗口内取得迄今最严格的限制。

提出的方法

  • 针对带有硬初始辐射的共振体进行检测,从而产生高 pT、大半径喷注并具有两叉子结构。
  • 将信号候选重建为 m_SD > 30 GeV、pT > 500 GeV 的 AK8 喷注;使用软折线(soft-drop)质量和基于 ParticleNet 的 Flavor 标记来区分信号与 QCD 背景。
  • 定义基于 PN 的判别量:p2-prong 用于将两叉共振与 QCD 分离,pb-qq(p_bb、p_cc、p_light)用于在 Flavor 假设之间分离。
  • 将数据按 PN 输出分成三个区域,并将其分类为 bb̄ 的信号区和 c/ql̄ 粒子对的信号区;使用 QCD 控制区来估算多喷注背景。
  • 对 m_SD 分布在 5 个 pT 区间和 3 个控制区域进行分箱最大似然拟合,利用数据驱动的 QCD 背景传递和系统误差的拟合参数。
  • 引用 CMS Combine 进行统计解释,并对耦合量给出 CLs 限制。
Figure 1: The jet $m_{\mathrm{SD}}$ distributions in the low- $p_{\PQb\PAQb}$ (left) and high- $p_{\PQb\PAQb}$ (right) SRs, fitted with the background-only hypothesis. The distributions are summed across all five \pt bins and the four data-taking periods. The steplike features are due to the $\rho$
Figure 1: The jet $m_{\mathrm{SD}}$ distributions in the low- $p_{\PQb\PAQb}$ (left) and high- $p_{\PQb\PAQb}$ (right) SRs, fitted with the background-only hypothesis. The distributions are summed across all five \pt bins and the four data-taking periods. The steplike features are due to the $\rho$

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在 50–300 GeV 范围内是否存在衰变为夸克-反夸克对且能够通过 ISR 增强的 dijet 签迹观测的低质量共振?
  • RQ2在指定质量范围内,自旋-1 Z′ 共振与自旋-0 标量/伪标量共振的对夸克耦合限制有何差异?
  • RQ3先进喷注标记(ParticleNet)是否能够在 boosted dijet 情况下有效将 bb̄ 与轻/cc̄ 喷注区分开,从而提高灵敏度?
  • RQ4在 50–250 GeV 窗口内,对 Z′ 的 g_q、对标量/伪标量的 g_qφ、g_qA 的 95% CL 上限分别是多少,与以往结果相比有何变化?

主要发现

  • 在 50–300 GeV 质量范围内、任一耦合情景下均未发现新共振的证据。
  • 对于衰变到夸克的自旋-1 Z′,g_q 限制范围为 0.03–0.13(通用夸克耦合)。
  • 对于衰变到 qq 的自旋-0 φ/A,g_qφ 限制范围为 1.5–5.8,g_qA 限制范围为 1.0–3.8,取决于质量。
  • 该结果在 50–250 GeV 质量范围内代表迄今最严格的 dijet 共振限制。
  • 在某些质量下观察到的局部显著性最高约为 2.8σ,但全局显著性约为 1.4–1.7σ,与背景波动一致。
  • 在 50–250 GeV 区间,限制比以前的 CMS/ATLAS 约束大约提升了两倍左右。
Figure 2: Upper limits at 95% \CL on the universal coupling $g_{\PQq}$ between the \PZpr boson and quarks (left) and the coupling parameters $g_{\PQq\phi}$ (left vertical axis) and $g_{\PQq{\HepParticle{A}{}{}}}$ (right vertical axis) of the spin-0 model (right). The \PZpr boson is assumed to decay
Figure 2: Upper limits at 95% \CL on the universal coupling $g_{\PQq}$ between the \PZpr boson and quarks (left) and the coupling parameters $g_{\PQq\phi}$ (left vertical axis) and $g_{\PQq{\HepParticle{A}{}{}}}$ (right vertical axis) of the spin-0 model (right). The \PZpr boson is assumed to decay

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