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[论文解读] Searches for continuous gravitational wave signals and stochastic backgrounds in LIGO and Virgo data

C. Palomba|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 16, 2012
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research被引用 8
一句话总结

本文报告了在LIGO和Virgo S5与VSR2科学运行数据中对连续引力波(CW)和随机引力波背景(SGWB)的搜索结果。通过定向和全天空CW搜索,以及SGWB的互相关技术,该研究设定了严格的上限:$\Omega_{gw}(f) < 6.9 \cdot 10^{-6}$,该上限超越了来自大爆炸核合成与宇宙微波背景的间接宇宙学约束,显著限制了宇宙超膜模型和大爆炸前宇宙学情景。

ABSTRACT

We present results from searches of recent LIGO and Virgo data for continuous gravitational wave signals (CW) from spinning neutron stars and for a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). The first part of the talk is devoted to CW analysis with a focus on two types of searches. In the targeted search of known neutron stars a precise knowledge of the star parameters is used to apply optimal filtering methods. In the absence of a signal detection, in a few cases, an upper limit on strain amplitude can be set that beats the spindown limit derived from attributing spin-down energy loss to the emission of gravitational waves. In contrast, blind all-sky searches are not directed at specific sources, but rather explore as large a portion of the parameter space as possible. Fully coherent methods cannot be used for these kind of searches which pose a non trivial computational challenge. The second part of the talk is focused on SGWB searches. A stochastic background of gravitational waves is expected to be produced by the superposition of many incoherent sources of cosmological or astrophysical origin. Given the random nature of this kind of signal, it is not possible to distinguish it from noise using a single detector. A typical data analysis strategy relies on cross-correlating the data from a pair or several pairs of detectors, which allows discriminating the searched signal from instrumental noise. Expected sensitivities and prospects for detection from the next generation of interferometers are also discussed for both kind of sources.

研究动机与目标

  • 使用定向和全天空方法搜索来自旋转中子星的连续引力波信号。
  • 探测或约束来自宇宙学或天体物理非相干源的随机引力波背景。
  • 通过多个探测器之间的互相关技术,提高引力波振幅的灵敏度限制。
  • 设定引力波能量密度的天体物理和宇宙学相关上限。
  • 通过改进分析技术并评估未来探测前景,为先进探测器的运行做好准备。

提出的方法

  • 定向CW搜索利用精确源参数知识(如已知脉冲星)进行匹配滤波,对长时间段的数据进行相干积分。
  • 全天空盲搜使用半相干和分层方法,在计算挑战下探索大参数空间。
  • SGWB分析依赖于多个探测器数据的互相关,以区分随机信号与不相关的仪器噪声。
  • 互相关技术使用探测器响应函数,并考虑多普勒调制与相对论效应。
  • 通过匹配滤波与互功率谱估计,推导出引力波能量密度$\Omega_{gw}(f)$的上限。
  • 分析结合了射电观测的先验信息,并考虑了中子星的跳变事件与自转减慢演化。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1能否在LIGO和Virgo数据中探测到已知旋转中子星的连续引力波信号?
  • RQ2对于低于自转减慢极限的中子星,其引力波应变振幅的上限可设为多大?
  • RQ3能否通过多个探测器的互相关,将随机引力波背景与探测器噪声区分开?
  • RQ4当前$\Omega_{gw}(f)$的上限与大爆炸核合成及宇宙微波背景的间接宇宙学约束相比如何?
  • RQ5当前结果对宇宙超膜模型与大爆炸前宇宙学模型施加了何种限制?

主要发现

  • 为随机引力波背景设定了$\Omega_{gw}(f) < 6.9 \cdot 10^{-6}$的上限,超越了间接宇宙学约束。
  • 如图4所示,该上限排除了宇宙超膜模型在$G\mu$-$\epsilon$平面上的部分区域。
  • 该SGWB上限优于大爆炸核合成约束($1.5 \cdot 10^{-5}$)与宇宙微波背景约束($1.1 \cdot 10^{-5}$)。
  • 对于定向CW搜索,部分中子星的应变振幅上限低于自转减慢极限,从而限制了自转减慢能量中由引力波辐射贡献的比例。
  • H1-H2数据的互相关分析正在进行中,正致力于建模环境相关性以提升灵敏度。
  • 预计先进探测器将使灵敏度提高两个数量级,从而对大爆炸前与宇宙超膜模型施加更严格的限制。

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