[论文解读] Secure Cloud Assisted Smart Cars Using Dynamic Groups and Attribute Based Access Control
本文提出CV-ABAC G,一种用于云辅助智能汽车的安全动态分组与基于属性的访问控制模型,能够根据实时车辆属性(如GPS、速度和用户偏好)实现细粒度、隐私感知的访问控制。该模型在AWS中集成动态分组分配与ABAC策略,展示了在鹿群警报和拼车通知等用例中更高的相关性与安全性,性能开销虽可衡量但被可扩展性优势所超越。
Future smart cities and intelligent world will have connected vehicles and smart cars as its indispensable and most essential components. The communication and interaction among such connected entities in this vehicular internet of things (IoT) domain, which also involves smart traffic infrastructure, road-side sensors, restaurant with beacons, autonomous emergency vehicles, etc., offer innumerable real-time user applications and provide safer and pleasant driving experience to consumers. Having more than 100 million lines of code and hundreds of sensors, these connected vehicles (CVs) expose a large attack surface, which can be remotely compromised and exploited by malicious attackers. Security and privacy are serious concerns that impede the adoption of smart connected cars, which if not properly addressed will have grave implications with risk to human life and limb. In this research, we present a formalized dynamic groups and attribute-based access control (ABAC) model (referred as \cvac) for smart cars ecosystem, where the proposed model not only considers system wide attributes-based security policies but also takes into account the individual user privacy preferences for allowing or denying service notifications, alerts and operations to on-board resources. Further, we introduce a novel notion of groups in vehicular IoT, which are dynamically assigned to moving entities like connected cars, based on their current GPS coordinates, speed or other attributes, to ensure relevance of location and time sensitive notification services to the consumers, to provide administrative benefits to manage large numbers of smart entities, and to enable attributes and alerts inheritance for fine-grained security authorization policies. We present proof of concept implementation of our model in AWS cloud platform demonstrating real-world uses cases along with performance metrics.
研究动机与目标
- 解决连接车辆(CVs)日益增长的安全与隐私风险,其代码量超过1亿行,且攻击面暴露。
- 通过基于属性的策略与动态分组,实现在智能汽车生态系统中的细粒度、上下文感知的访问控制。
- 在维护系统级安全策略的同时,支持个体用户的隐私偏好,用于通知与服务访问。
- 通过在AWS云基础设施上的概念验证实现,证明该模型的实际可行性。
- 利用基于云的策略执行机制,实现可扩展的、与位置和时间相关的移动车辆服务交付。
提出的方法
- 提出一种新颖的动态分组模型,根据车辆的实时属性(如GPS坐标、速度和车辆类型)将其分配至相应组别。
- 引入一种混合访问控制模型,结合系统级ABAC策略与用户特定的隐私偏好,用于通知与操作。
- 在AWS上实现基于云的外部策略引擎,利用属性与分组成员身份评估访问决策。
- 使用智能汽车控制器动态分配车辆至分组,并实时强制执行访问控制策略。
- 应用基于属性的策略管理车载资源与服务的访问,确保相关性与安全性。
- 通过真实用例(如鹿群威胁警报、拼车服务)评估性能,测量策略评估开销。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1基于实时车辆属性的动态分组如何提升智能汽车中与位置和时间相关的通知的相关性与安全性?
- RQ2在云辅助的车载物联网环境中,如何有效结合基于属性的访问控制(ABAC)与用户隐私偏好?
- RQ3在可扩展的基于云的架构中,强制执行动态分组与ABAC策略的性能开销如何?
- RQ4云平台(如AWS)如何支持大规模移动车辆中细粒度访问控制的部署与自动扩展?
- RQ5在真实智能汽车生态系统中,安全、隐私与性能之间的实际权衡是什么?
主要发现
- 所提出的CV-ABAC G模型成功利用实时GPS与速度数据,实现了连接车辆的动态、基于属性的访问控制,提升了服务的相关性。
- 用户隐私偏好被有效整合至访问控制模型中,实现了对通知与服务访问的细粒度控制。
- 性能评估显示策略评估存在可衡量但可接受的开销,其带来的云辅助可扩展性与实时服务交付优势更为显著。
- 在AWS上的概念验证实现证明了该模型在城市范围内部署安全智能汽车服务的实际可行性。
- 该模型支持自动扩展与无限云能力,适用于包含数千辆移动车辆的大规模城市部署。
- 未来工作应集成同态加密与基于信任的模型等隐私保护技术,以进一步增强安全性和位置隐私。
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