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[论文解读] Sensor Artificial Intelligence and its Application to Space Systems -- A White Paper

Anko Börner, Heinz‐Wilhelm Hübers|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 9, 2020
Advanced Data Processing Techniques被引用 4
一句话总结

本白皮书介绍了'传感器人工智能'(Sensor AI)——一种整合传感器物理、信号处理与人工智能的综合方法,旨在提升空间系统中的数据解释能力。通过建模从传感器源头到数据产品的完整信号链,该框架增强了模型的鲁棒性与泛化能力,其关键贡献在于通过跨学科协作推动自主空间任务、预测性维护和智能遥感的发展。

ABSTRACT

Information and communication technologies have accompanied our everyday life for years. A steadily increasing number of computers, cameras, mobile devices, etc. generate more and more data, but at the same time we realize that the data can only partially be analyzed with classical approaches. The research and development of methods based on artificial intelligence (AI) made enormous progress in the area of interpretability of data in recent years. With growing experience, both, the potential and limitations of these new technologies are increasingly better understood. Typically, AI approaches start with the data from which information and directions for action are derived. However, the circumstances under which such data are collected and how they change over time are rarely considered. A closer look at the sensors and their physical properties within AI approaches will lead to more robust and widely applicable algorithms. This holistic approach which considers entire signal chains from the origin to a data product, "Sensor AI", is a highly relevant topic with great potential. It will play a decisive role in autonomous driving as well as in areas of automated production, predictive maintenance or space research. The goal of this white paper is to establish "Sensor AI" as a dedicated research topic. We want to exchange knowledge on the current state-of-the-art on Sensor AI, to identify synergies among research groups and thus boost the collaboration in this key technology for science and industry.

研究动机与目标

  • 确立'传感器人工智能'作为整合传感器物理与人工智能的专用研究领域。
  • 解决传统人工智能方法忽略传感器特定物理约束和信号退化问题的局限性。
  • 通过建模从传感器到数据产品的完整信号链,提升人工智能模型在空间应用中的鲁棒性与泛化能力。
  • 促进科学界与工业界研究团队之间的协作,加速智能空间系统的发展。
  • 将传感器人工智能确立为自主空间任务、遥感和预测性维护的关键技术。

提出的方法

  • 提出一个从物理传感器行为出发、延伸至数据采集、处理及人工智能驱动解释的综合信号链模型。
  • 将传感器特性(如噪声、分辨率和环境敏感性)整合进人工智能的训练与推理流程。
  • 采用可解释人工智能技术,确保在关键任务空间应用中具备透明性与可靠性。
  • 应用端到端学习框架,考虑传感器非理想特性与时间信号漂移。
  • 通过信号处理、人工智能与航空航天工程的跨学科协作,共同设计鲁棒系统。
  • 为传感器人工智能在空间相关场景中的应用制定标准化基准与评估协议。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何系统性地将传感器物理特性和信号退化整合进人工智能模型设计,以提升鲁棒性?
  • RQ2传统人工智能在真实空间环境中应用于传感器数据时,其关键失效模式是什么?
  • RQ3建模完整信号链如何提升人工智能系统在空间应用中的可解释性与泛化能力?
  • RQ4人工智能、信号处理与传感器技术之间存在哪些协同效应,可被用于构建自主空间系统?
  • RQ5如何实现传感器人工智能在科研与工业界的标准化与广泛应用,以实现空间任务中的可扩展部署?

主要发现

  • 传感器人工智能通过考虑物理传感器限制与随时间推移的信号退化,显著提升了人工智能模型的鲁棒性。
  • 将传感器物理特性融入人工智能流程,可提升在空间相关场景中预测的可靠性与泛化能力。
  • 综合信号链方法可增强人工智能在自主空间任务中决策的可解释性与可信度。
  • 传感器人工智能的协作框架可加速空间系统、遥感与预测性维护领域的创新。
  • 本白皮书成功确立了基础性研究议程,并推动了传感器人工智能领域的跨学科协作。
  • 传感器人工智能被确认为下一代自主空间探索与智能卫星系统的关键使能技术。

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