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[论文解读] Shared Causal Paths underlying Alzheimer's dementia and Type 2 Diabetes

Zixin Hu, Rong Jiao|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 16, 2019
Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks参考文献 67被引用 6
一句话总结

本研究提出了一种新颖的因果推断框架,整合了多组学数据(基因分型、RNA-seq、DNA甲基化和表型),以揭示阿尔茨海默病痴呆(AD)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)之间的共享生物学通路。该方法应用于ROS必要数据集(n=432),识别出13个共享因果基因、16条共享因果通路,以及754个差异表达基因和101个甲基化基因,这些基因与两种疾病均相关,揭示了超越单纯关联的深层机制联系。

ABSTRACT

Background: Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder, an increasing number of genetic epidemiological studies show clear link between AD and T2DM. The current approach to uncovering the shared pathways between AD and T2DM involves association analysis; however, such analyses lack power to discover the mechanisms of the diseases. Methods: We develop novel statistical methods to shift the current paradigm of genetic analysis from association analysis to deep causal inference for uncovering the shared mechanisms between AD and T2DM, and develop pipelines to infer multilevel omics causal networks which lead to shifting the current paradigm of genetic analysis from genetic analysis alone to integrated causal genomic, epigenomic, transcriptional and phenotypic data analysis. To discover common causal paths from genetic variants to AD and T2DM, we also develop algorithms that can automatically search the causal paths from genetic variants to diseases and Results: The proposed methods and algorithms are applied to ROSMAP dataset with 432 individuals who simultaneously had genotype, RNA-seq, DNA methylation and some phenotypes. We construct multi-omics causal networks and identify 13 shared causal genes, 16 shared causal pathways between AD and T2DM, and 754 gene expression and 101 gene methylation nodes that were connected to both AD and T2DM in multi-omics causal networks. Conclusions: The results of application of the proposed pipelines for identifying causal paths to real data analysis of AD and T2DM provided strong evidence to support the link between AD and T2DM and unraveled causal mechanism to explain this link.

研究动机与目标

  • 为克服传统基于关联的遗传分析在揭示疾病机制方面的局限性。
  • 在统计相关性之外,识别阿尔茨海默病痴呆(AD)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)之间的共享因果通路。
  • 开发一个整合基因组、表观基因组、转录组和表型数据的流程,用于因果网络推断。
  • 实现从遗传变异到复杂疾病因果路径的自动化发现。
  • 提供AD与T2DM之间生物学机制联系的系统性理解。

提出的方法

  • 开发了新颖的统计方法,实现从关联分析向多组学数据中深层因果推断的转变。
  • 利用来自ROS必要队列的基因分型、RNA-seq、DNA甲基化和表型数据,构建多组学因果网络。
  • 设计算法,自动搜索从遗传变异到AD和T2DM的因果路径。
  • 整合多个生物层次的数据:基因组、表观基因组、转录组和表型。
  • 应用因果推断技术,识别与两种疾病均相关的节点(基因、甲基化位点)和通路。
  • 使用包含432名个体的综合性数据集对结果进行验证,该数据集涵盖多组学和临床表型。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1阿尔茨海默病痴呆与2型糖尿病之间共享的因果生物学通路是什么?
  • RQ2哪些基因和表观遗传调节因子在AD和T2DM的发病机制中作为共同的因果节点?
  • RQ3如何整合多组学数据以推断因果网络,而非仅仅关联关系?
  • RQ4自动化算法能否识别从遗传变异到AD和T2DM等复杂疾病的因果路径?
  • RQ5AD与T2DM在基因组、表观基因组和转录组水平上的分子汇聚程度如何?

主要发现

  • 本研究识别出13个共享因果基因,这些基因将遗传变异与阿尔茨海默病痴呆和2型糖尿病联系起来。
  • 共发现16条共享因果通路,表明两种疾病具有共同的生物学机制。
  • 在多组学因果网络中,发现754个差异表达基因与AD和T2DM均相关。
  • 鉴定出101个与两种疾病均相关的基因甲基化位点,表明表观遗传机制在共同病理中起作用。
  • 因果推断流程成功揭示了AD与T2DM之间的系统性分子联系,超越了统计相关性。
  • 研究结果提供了强有力的证据,表明AD与T2DM具有共享的生物学病因,且得到整合多组学数据的支持。

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