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[论文解读] Short GRBs with small opening angles: implications on local neutron star merger rate and GRB/GW association

Zhi-Ping Jin, Xiang Li|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 23, 2017
Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae被引用 1
一句话总结

本研究分析了九个短伽马射线暴(SGRBs)的晚期光学余晖,包括GRB 150424A和GRB 160821B,测量喷流张角($ heta_{ ext{jet}} ilde{=} 0.1$ rad),从而得出保守的本地中子星并合率估计值为$ ilde{=} 130~{ m Gpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$,潜在值可能高达十倍。研究进一步表明,结构化喷流模型显著提高了GRB/GW关联概率(最高可达$ ilde{=} 10\%$),提升了LIGO/Virgo探测的可能性。

ABSTRACT

Short duration GRBs (SGRBs) are widely believed to originate from neutron star mergers and the merger rate can be estimated via the observed GRB rate with the correction of the outflow half-opening angles. The jet breaks in the afterglow lightcurves of SGRBs, rarely detected so far, are crucial for such an approach. In this work we report the detection of jet decline behaviors in the late optical afterglows of GRB 150424A and GRB 160821B and find $ heta_{ m j}\sim 0.1$ rad. Together with the four events (GRB 051221A, GRB 090426A, GRB 111020A and GRB 130603B) reported before 2015 and the other three identified recently (GRB 050709, GRB 060614 and GRB 140903A), we thus have a sample consisting of nine SGRBs (including one long-short event) with a reasonably estimated $ heta_{ m j}$. In particular, three events in the sample are local (i.e., their redshifts are $\leq 0.2$), with which we can conservatively estimate the local neutron star merger rate density to be $\sim 130~{ m Gpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$, and the real value may be $\sim 10$ times higher, suggesting a very promising detection prospect of advanced LIGO/Virgo in their full sensitivity runs. Inspired by the typical $ heta_{ m j}\sim 0.1$ rad found in the current sample, we further investigate whether the off-beam GRBs (in the uniform jet model) or the off-axis events (in the structured jet model) can significantly enhance the GRB/GW association or not. For the former the enhancement is at most moderate, while for the latter the enhancement can be much greater and a high association probability of $\sim 10\%$ is possible.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用测量到喷流张角的观测SGRB余晖衰减曲线估算本地中子星并合率密度。
  • 评估喷流几何结构(均匀与结构化)对探测SGRB与引力波(GW)关联的影响。
  • 基于SGRB群体统计数据,评估先进LIGO/Virgo探测中子星并合引力波信号的潜力。

提出的方法

  • 分析九个SGRB的晚期光学余晖光 lightcurves,识别显示喷流减速的喷流break特征。
  • 使用均匀喷流模型与结构化喷流模型解释余晖衰减行为,并推断$\theta_{\text{jet}}$。
  • 利用观测到的SGRB率,结合$\theta_{\text{jet}}$和红移信息,估算本地并合率密度。
  • 比较均匀与结构化喷流模型下GRB/GW关联概率,使用非轴向探测概率。
  • 纳入三个本地SGRBs($z \leq 0.2$)以推导本地并合率的保守下限。
  • 对结构化喷流情景中非轴向辐射导致的GRB/GW共事率提升进行定量建模。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1从测量到喷流张角的SGRBs中推断出的本地中子星并合率密度是多少?
  • RQ2在均匀与结构化喷流模型之间进行选择时,如何影响预测的GRB/GW关联概率?
  • RQ3在结构化喷流模型中,非轴向SGRBs在多大程度上提高了探测共事引力波的可能性?
  • RQ4多个SGRB中观测到的$ heta_{\text{jet}} \tilde{=} 0.1$ rad如何影响真实并合率与探测前景的判断?
  • RQ5在保守估计和潜在漏计数的前提下,真实本地并合率的上限是多少?

主要发现

  • 基于三个本地SGRBs($z \leq 0.2$)估算出的本地中子星并合率密度为$\tilde{=} 130~{\rm Gpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$。
  • 真实本地并合率可能比保守估计高出十倍,意味着先进LIGO/Virgo探测到高并合率的可能性。
  • 样本中典型$ heta_{\text{jet}} \tilde{=} 0.1$ rad的观测结果支持存在较高比例的非束流或非轴向SGRBs。
  • 在均匀喷流模型中,由于非束流辐射,GRB/GW关联概率的提升有限。
  • 在结构化喷流模型中,关联概率可高达$\tilde{=} 10\%$,显著高于均匀模型。
  • 结果表明,结构化喷流模型中的非轴向SGRBs是联合探测GRB与GW的有希望候选者。

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