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[论文解读] Size - Stellar Mass Relation and Morphology of Quiescent Galaxies at $z\geq3$ in Public $JWST$ Fields

Kei Ito, Francesco Valentino|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 13, 2023
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena被引用 5
一句话总结

本研究利用JWST/NIRCam成像对26个z≥3的宁静星系的大小-质量关系和形态学特征进行分析,发现存在负向的大小-波长相关性,且在M⋆=5×10¹⁰ M☉时,其rest-frame 0.5 μm大小-质量关系比本地关系低约0.6 kpc。结果表明,从z≈3–5期间星系大小持续增长,形态学演化暗示在z>3时向以核球为主结构转变。

ABSTRACT

We present the results of a systematic study of the rest-frame optical morphology of quiescent galaxies at $z \geq 3$ using the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) onboard $JWST$. Based on a sample selected by $UVJ$ color or $NUVUVJ$ color, we focus on 26 quiescent galaxies with $9.8<\log{(M_\star/M_\odot)}<11.4$ at $2.810.3$ implies that our size - stellar mass relations are below those at lower redshifts, with the amplitude of $\sim0.6\, { m kpc}$ at $M_\star = 5 imes 10^{10}\, M_\odot$. This value agrees with the extrapolation from the size evolution of quiescent galaxies at $z<3$ in the literature, implying that the size of quiescent galaxies increases monotonically from $z\sim3-5$. Our sample is mainly composed of galaxies with bulge-like structures according to their median Sérsic index and axis ratio of $n\sim3-4$ and $q\sim0.6-0.8$, respectively. On the other hand, there is a trend of increasing fraction of galaxies with low Sérsic index, suggesting $3

研究动机与目标

  • 利用JWST/NIRCam数据研究z≥3宁静星系的rest-frame光学形态学特征。
  • 测量高红移宁静星系的大小-质量关系,并与低红移关系进行比较。
  • 通过Sérsic轮廓拟合评估从z≈3到z≈5期间宁静星系的结构演化。
  • 确定在此期间是否发生形态学转变,包括盘状成分的出现。

提出的方法

  • 从公共JWST场中选取26个宁静星系,采用UVJ或NUVUVJ颜色选择法,红移光谱解算值2.8<zphot<4.6,星族质量9.8<log(M⋆/M☉)<11.4。
  • 使用Galfit对多波段NIRCam图像进行Sérsic轮廓拟合,以测量有效半径、Sérsic指数和轴比。
  • 通过从观测波段测量值外推并校正波长依赖的尺寸偏差,将尺寸校准至rest-frame 0.5 μm。
  • 利用标志和自 resampling 误差评估拟合质量;通过模拟星系实验验证小尺寸(re<0.02 arcsec)情况下的可靠性。
  • 将推导出的大小-质量关系与低红移关系(如z<3)进行比较,以推断尺寸演化趋势。
  • 通过Sérsic指数和轴比分布分析形态学趋势,尤其关注不同红红移区间的变化。
Figure 1: Color images of all quiescent galaxies used in this study. F277W, F356W, and F444W images are used for blue, green, and red, respectively. All images are $4.0\arcsec\times 4.0\arcsec$ centered on each quiescent galaxy. They are sorted according to their photometric redshift. At the bottom
Figure 1: Color images of all quiescent galaxies used in this study. F277W, F356W, and F444W images are used for blue, green, and red, respectively. All images are $4.0\arcsec\times 4.0\arcsec$ centered on each quiescent galaxy. They are sorted according to their photometric redshift. At the bottom

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1z≥3宁静星系的rest-frame 0.5 μm大小-质量关系与低红移星系相比如何?
  • RQ2高红移宁静星系的结构形态学特征(Sérsic指数、轴比)如何,其随红移如何演化?
  • RQ3在z≈3至z≈5期间是否存在形态学转变时期,特别是盘状成分的出现?
  • RQ4不同波段的尺寸测量之间相关性如何?这对rest-frame尺寸校准有何影响?
  • RQ5在PSF分辨率极限附近(re≈0.02 arcsec)的紧凑、信噪比低的星系,尺寸测量的稳健性如何?

主要发现

  • 在M⋆=5×10¹⁰ M☉时,z≥3宁静星系的大小-质量关系比本地关系低约0.6 kpc,与从z≈3–5期间的尺寸演化一致。
  • z≥3星系在rest-frame 0.5 μm波段的大小与星族质量之间存在显著相关性,中位Sérsic指数为n≈3–4,轴比为q≈0.6–0.8,表明其形态类似核球。
  • 在更高红移(3<z<5)区域,低Sérsic指数(n<3)星系的比例呈上升趋势,暗示存在形态学转变阶段,且存在显著的盘状熄灭成分。
  • 多波段尺寸测量显示与观测波长呈负相关,因此需通过多波段拟合才能准确推导rest-frame尺寸。
  • z≥3时的大小-质量关系与从z<3外推的尺寸演化趋势一致,表明从z≈5至今星系经历了持续的尺寸增长。
  • 稳健性测试表明,即使在PSF分辨率极限附近(re≈0.02 arcsec)的紧凑星系,其尺寸与结构参数测量仍保持可靠。
Figure 2: Left panel: $UVJ$ diagram (Williams et al., 2009 ) . Squares represent quiescent galaxies selected by the $UVJ$ only, whereas circles represent those selected by $UVJ$ and $NUVUVJ$ . They are colored according to their photometric redshift, and the markers are larger for more massive galax
Figure 2: Left panel: $UVJ$ diagram (Williams et al., 2009 ) . Squares represent quiescent galaxies selected by the $UVJ$ only, whereas circles represent those selected by $UVJ$ and $NUVUVJ$ . They are colored according to their photometric redshift, and the markers are larger for more massive galax

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