Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] Spatiotemporal Pricing and Fleet Management of Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Networks: A Decomposition and Dynamic Programming Approach with Bounded Optimality Gap

Zhijie Lai, Sen Li|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 7, 2022
Transportation and Mobility Innovations参考文献 35被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种分解与动态规划方法,用于在需求弹性条件下对自主按需出行(AMoD)系统中的联合时空定价与车队管理进行优化。通过变量变换和对偶分解放松非凸最优控制问题,该方法实现了有界的最优性间隙,并在曼哈顿仿真中展现出显著更紧的上界,尤其在需求激增期间表现优异。

ABSTRACT

This paper studies spatiotemporal pricing and fleet management for autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD) systems while taking elastic demand into account. We consider a platform that offers ride-hailing services using a fleet of autonomous vehicles and makes pricing, rebalancing, and fleet sizing decisions in response to demand fluctuations. A network flow model is developed to characterize the evolution of system states over space and time, which captures the vehicle-passenger matching process and demand elasticity with respect to price and waiting time. The platform's objective of maximizing profit is formulated as a constrained optimal control problem, which is highly nonconvex due to the nonlinear demand model and complex supply-demand interdependence. To address this challenge, an integrated decomposition and dynamic programming approach is proposed, where we first relax the problem through a change of variable, then separate the relaxed problem into a few small-scale subproblems via dual decomposition, and finally solve each subproblem using dynamic programming. Despite the nonconvexity, our approach establishes a theoretical upper bound to evaluate the solution optimality. The proposed model and methodology are validated in numerical studies for Manhattan. We find that compared to the benchmark case, the proposed upper bound is significantly tighter. We also find that compared to pricing alone, joint pricing and fleet rebalancing can only offer a minor profit improvement when demand can be accurately predicted. However, during unanticipated demand surges, joint pricing and rebalancing can lead to substantially improved profits, and the impacts of demand shocks, despite being more widespread, can dissipate faster.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决在需求弹性条件下AMoD系统中联合时空定价与车队再平衡的挑战。
  • 为由非线性需求动态与供需相互依赖性引发的高度非凸最优控制问题,开发一种可处理的解决方案方法。
  • 在非凸性存在的情况下,建立理论上可靠的解最优性上界,以支持性能评估。
  • 在真实城市环境中验证模型的有效性,特别是在不可预测的需求波动下。
  • 在需求可预测性不同的条件下,比较联合定价与再平衡策略与仅定价策略的利润增益。

提出的方法

  • 通过变量变换放松原始非凸最优控制问题,以提升可处理性。
  • 应用对偶分解,将放松后的问题在空间和时间上分解为更小规模的子问题。
  • 使用动态规划求解每个子问题,以处理随时间演化的状态与决策序列。
  • 采用原始问题的拟凹松弛作为基准上界,通过修改确保其拟凹性:即时匹配、固定最小等待时间,以及将需求速率作为决策变量。
  • 采用线性模型描述请求取消与行程完成的动力学,经真实数据验证。
  • 在时空网络流模型中统一整合车辆-乘客匹配、车队再平衡与定价决策。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在需求弹性条件下,如何优化AMoD系统中的联合时空定价与车队管理?
  • RQ2非凸AMoD控制问题的解的理论最优性间隙是多少?如何对其进行有界控制?
  • RQ3在需求可预测与不可预测的情况下,联合定价与再平衡策略相较于仅定价策略的性能表现如何?
  • RQ4需求冲击在多大程度上影响系统性能?其影响在多快时间内消散?
  • RQ5在真实城市路网中,所提出的上界与现有基准相比有多紧?

主要发现

  • 所提出的分解与动态规划方法在曼哈顿仿真中,相较于拟凹松弛基准,显著实现了更紧的解最优性上界。
  • 在不可预测的需求激增期间,联合定价与车队再平衡相比仅定价策略,能带来显著更高的利润。
  • 当需求可准确预测时,联合优化相较于仅定价策略仅带来微小的利润提升。
  • 尽管需求冲击的影响范围更广,但当采用联合定价与再平衡时,其影响消散得更快。
  • 请求取消与行程完成的线性模型与真实数据具有强拟合度,验证了其在系统动力学中的适用性。
  • 尽管拟凹松弛基准提供了全局上界,但其上界比所提方法的上界更松,凸显了该分解方法在捕捉更紧最优性保证方面的价值。

更好的研究,从现在开始

从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。