[论文解读] Spectral Signatures of Heavy Quarkonia in a Rotating and Anisotropic Quark-Gluon Plasma: A Holographic Study

Xiang-Wei Shi, Sheng-Qin Feng|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 16, 2026

High-Energy Particle Collisions Research被引用 0

一句话总结

这篇论文使用全息模型来计算在旋转、各向异性的QGP中的J/psi和Upsilon(1S)的中间介质谱函数和有效质量，结果表明旋转和各向异性会增强重夸克偶素解离，并具有方向相关效应。

ABSTRACT

We investigate the in-medium spectral functions and effective masses of heavy quarkonia charmonium ($J/Ψ$) and bottomonium ($Υ(1S)$) in a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) possessing both global rotation and spatial anisotropy. Using a gauge/gravity holographic model incorporating finite temperature, chemical potential, and warp factor, we compute the spectral signatures non-perturbatively. Our results show that both rotation and anisotropy enhance quarkonium dissociation, manifesting as peak suppression and width broadening in the spectral functions. Crucially, their effects are directional: anisotropy primarily dissociates longitudinally polarized states, while rotation more strongly disrupts transversely polarized ones. A competitive interplay exists: for small anisotropy, rotational effects dominate at high angular velocity, whereas for large anisotropy, anisotropy governs the dissociation regardless of rotation strength. Furthermore, rotation induces a non-monotonic temperature dependence in the transverse effective mass of $J/Ψ$, while strong anisotropy causes similar non-monotonicity in the longitudinal effective mass of $J/Ψ$. These findings reveal how the distinct symmetry breaking patterns induced by QGP rotation and anisotropy reshape the heavy quarkonium spectrum, providing new insights into polarization-dependent suppression in non-central heavy-ion collisions.

研究动机与目标

• Motivate understanding of heavy quarkonium behavior in strongly coupled QGP with realistic features such as rotation and anisotropy.
• Develop a holographic framework incorporating finite temperature, chemical potential, warp factor, rotation, and anisotropy to study spectral properties of heavy quarkonia.
• Quantify how rotation and anisotropy modify spectral functions and in-medium masses of charmonium and bottomonium in a non-perturbative setting.

提出的方法

• Employ a five-dimensional anisotropic Einstein-dilaton-two-Maxwell holographic model with finite T, μ, and warp factor c.
• Introduce rotation via a Lorentz transformation of the rotating metric and derive the rotating black-hole background.
• Use the membrane paradigm to compute spectral functions from fluctuations of the vector field dual to heavy quark currents.
• Decompose fluctuations into longitudinal and transverse channels relative to the anisotropy direction and derive flow equations for conductivities (σL and σT).
• Relate the spectral function to the retarded Green’s function through Kubo’s formula and extract in-medium masses from peak structures.

Figure 1: Spectral functions of $J/\Psi$ and $\Upsilon(1S)$ at different temperatures, with fixed anisotropy parameter $\nu=1.05$ , $\mu=0.1\,{\rm{GeV}},c=-0.3\;{\rm{Ge}}{{\rm{V}}^{2}}$ and $\omega=0.3~{\rm{GeV}}$ . Panels (a) and (b) correspond to $J/\Psi$ , while (c) and (d) correspond to $\Upsilo

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 How do global rotation and spatial anisotropy individually affect heavy quarkonium spectral functions in a strongly coupled QGP?
• RQ2 What is the directional (polarization-dependent) impact of rotation and anisotropy on quarkonium dissociation?
• RQ3 How do T, μ, warp factor c, and anisotropy strength ν shape the in-medium masses and stability of J/ψ and Υ(1S)?
• RQ4 Is there a competitive interplay between rotation and anisotropy in determining quarkonium suppression in non-central collisions?

主要发现

• Both rotation and anisotropy enhance heavy quarkonium dissociation, visible as peak suppression and peak broadening in spectral functions for J/ψ and Υ(1S).
• Anisotropy mainly dissociates longitudinally polarized states, while rotation more strongly disrupts transversely polarized ones.
• A competitive interplay exists: for small anisotropy, rotation dominates at high angular velocity; for large anisotropy, anisotropy governs regardless of rotation strength.
• Rotation induces a non-monotonic temperature dependence of the transverse effective mass for J/ψ, and strong anisotropy yields a similar non-monotonicity in the longitudinal mass for J/ψ; Υ(1S) shows monotonic mass increase with rotation.
• Heavier bottomonium (Υ(1S)) exhibits greater binding and resilience to dissociation compared to J/ψ, reflected in taller, narrower peaks.
• The results indicate polarization-dependent dissociation patterns arise from distinct symmetry-breaking effects of rotation and anisotropy, informing interpretation of non-central heavy-ion collision data.

Figure 2: Spectral functions of $J/\Psi$ and $\Upsilon(1S)$ at different chemical potentials ( $\mu$ ), with fixed temperature $T$ = 0.4 GeV and $c=-0.3\;{\text{Ge}}{{\text{V}}^{2}}$ . Panels (a) and (b) correspond to $J/\Psi$ , while (c) and (d) correspond to $\Upsilon(1S)$ . The left panels (a, c)