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[论文解读] Spectroscopy of i-Dropout Galaxies with an NB921-Band Depression in the Subaru Deep Field

Tohru Nagao, Nobunari Kashikawa|ArXiv.org|Aug 7, 2005
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena参考文献 46被引用 17
一句话总结

本研究通过在i′-dropout星系中对NB921波段凹陷进行光谱分析,在昴宿天文台深空场中识别出两个红移z ≈ 6.03–6.04的莱曼-α发射星系。关键发现是,NB921波段凹陷源于强烈的莱曼-α发射,证实此类天体是目前已知红移最高、等效宽度最大的莱曼-α发射体之一,其静止系等效宽度分别为94 Å和236 Å——在z ≳ 6的红移下,这是迄今通过光谱确认的最大等效宽度之一。

ABSTRACT

We report new spectroscopy of two star-forming galaxies with strong Ly_alpha emission at z=6.03 and z=6.04 in the Subaru Deep Field. These two objects are originally selected as i'-dropouts (i'-z' > 1.5) showing an interesting photometric property, the ``NB921 depression''. The NB921-band (centered at 9196A) magnitude is significantly depressed with respect to the z'-band magnitude. The optical spectra of these two objects exhibit asymmetric emission-lines at lambda_obs ~ 8540A and ~ 8560A, suggesting that these objects are Ly_alpha emitters at z~6. The rest-frame equivalent widths of the Ly_alpha emission of the two objects are 94A and 236A; the latter one is the Ly_alpha emitter with the largest Ly_alpha equivalent width at z > 6 ever spectroscopically confirmed. The spectroscopically measured Ly_alpha fluxes of these two objects are consistent with the interpretation that the NB921 depression is caused by the contribution of the strong Ly_alpha emission to the z'-band flux. Most of the NB921-depressed i'-dropout objects are thought to be strong Ly_alpha emitters at 6.0 < z < 6.5; Galactic L and T dwarfs and NB921-dropout galaxies at z > 6.6 do not dominate the NB921-depressed i'-dropout sample. Thus the NB921-depression method is very useful for finding high-z Ly_alpha emitters with a large Ly_alpha equivalent width over a large redshift range, 6.0 < z < 6.5. Although the broadband-selected sample at z ~ 3 contains only a small fraction of objects with a Ly_alpha equivalent width larger than 100A, the i'-dropout sample of the Subaru Deep Field contains a much larger fraction of such strong Ly_alpha emitters. This may imply a strong evolution of the Ly_alpha equivalent width from z > 6 to z ~ 3.

研究动机与目标

  • 确定昴宿天文台深空场中i′-dropout星系所观测到的NB921波段凹陷的物理成因。
  • 确定NB921凹陷的i′-dropout星系群体是否主要由高红移莱曼-α发射体组成。
  • 测量这些高红移莱曼-α发射体的静止系等效宽度和恒星形成率。
  • 研究从z ≈ 6到z ≈ 3的莱曼-α等效宽度和恒星形成特性演化趋势。
  • 评估NB921凹陷法作为z ≈ 6–6.5红移下高-EW莱曼-α发射体选择方法的实用性。

提出的方法

  • 利用凯克I望远镜上的DEIMOS仪器,对昴宿天文台深空场中的i′-dropout星系进行后续光谱观测。
  • 分析光学光谱,检测红移至λ_obs ≈ 8540–8560 Å的莱曼-α发射线,表明红移z ≈ 6.03–6.04。
  • 根据观测发射线流量和连续谱水平,计算静止系莱曼-α等效宽度。
  • 利用莱曼-α光度(SFR(Lyα) = 9.1×10⁻⁴³ L(Lyα) M☉ yr⁻¹)和紫外连续谱流量(SFR(UV) = 1.4×10⁻²⁸ Lν M☉ yr⁻¹)估算恒星形成率。
  • 比较SFR(Lyα)与SFR(UV)的比值,评估共振散射和星族年龄可能产生的影响。
  • 评估银河系L/T型矮星和高红移NB921-dropout星系对NB921凹陷样本的贡献,以排除污染源。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1昴宿天文台深空场中i′-dropout星系的NB921波段凹陷由何原因引起?
  • RQ2NB921凹陷的i′-dropout星系是否主要为z ≈ 6–6.5的高红移莱曼-α发射体?
  • RQ3这些莱曼-α发射体的静止系等效宽度和恒星形成率是多少?
  • RQ4高-EW莱曼-α发射体的SFR(Lyα)/SFR(UV)比值与同红移下低-EW发射体相比有何差异?
  • RQ5i′-dropout样本中高-EW莱曼-α发射体的高比例对从z ≈ 6到z ≈ 3莱曼-α等效宽度演化有何启示?

主要发现

  • 通过光谱确认,两个具有NB921波段凹陷的i′-dropout星系为红移z = 6.03和z = 6.04的莱曼-α发射体。
  • 莱曼-α发射的静止系等效宽度分别为94 Å和236 Å,后者为迄今在z ≳ 6红移下通过光谱确认的最大莱曼-α等效宽度。
  • NB921波段凹陷主要由强莱曼-α发射贡献了z′波段流量所致,解释了光度异常现象。
  • 由莱曼-α光度推算的恒星形成率分别为13.4 M☉ yr⁻¹和16.6 M☉ yr⁻¹,显著高于由紫外连续谱推算的值(分别为9.9 M☉ yr⁻¹和4.8 M☉ yr⁻¹),表明SFR(Lyα)/SFR(UV) > 1。
  • SFR(Lyα)/SFR(UV)比值较高,提示这些星系具有年轻星族(<10⁸ yr),可能不符合标准的连续恒星形成模型。
  • 昴宿天文台深空场中的i′-dropout样本中,高-EW莱曼-α发射体(EW₀ > 100 Å)的比例远高于z ≈ 3的LBG样本,暗示从z ≈ 6到z ≈ 3莱曼-α等效宽度存在显著演化。

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