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[论文解读] Spectrum Sharing for 6G Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks Based on NOMA and Cognitive Radio

Xin Liu, Kwok‐Yan Lam|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 27, 2021
Satellite Communication Systems参考文献 14被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种CR-NOMA混合频谱共享框架,用于6G融合卫星-地面网络(ISTCN),以提升频谱效率并支持无处不在的连接。通过结合非正交多址接入(NOMA)实现多用户复用,以及认知无线电(CR)实现动态频谱接入,该方案可同时共享空闲和繁忙频段,通过时域复用和连续干扰消除(SIC)技术管理系统间干扰,从而提升系统容量。

ABSTRACT

The explosive growth of bandwidth hungry Internet applications has led to the rapid development of new generation mobile network technologies that are expected to provide broadband access to the Internet in a pervasive manner. For example, 6G networks are capable of providing high-speed network access by exploiting higher frequency spectrum; high-throughout satellite communication services are also adopted to achieve pervasive coverage in remote and isolated areas. In order to enable seamless access, Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks (ISTCN) has emerged as an important research area. ISTCN aims to provide high speed and pervasive network services by integrating broadband terrestrial mobile networks with satellite communication networks. As terrestrial mobile networks began to use higher frequency spectrum (between 3GHz to 40GHz) which overlaps with that of satellite communication (4GHz to 8GHz for C band and 26GHz to 40GHz for Ka band), there are opportunities and challenges. On one hand, satellite terminals can potentially access terrestrial networks in an integrated manner; on the other hand, there will be more congestion and interference in this spectrum, hence more efficient spectrum management techniques are required. In this paper, we propose a new technique to improve spectrum sharing performance by introducing Non-orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (NOMA) and Cognitive Radio (CR) in the spectrum sharing of ISTCN. In essence, NOMA technology improves spectrum efficiency by allowing different users to transmit on the same carrier and distinguishing users by user power levels while CR technology improves spectrum efficiency through dynamic spectrum sharing. Furthermore, some open researches and challenges in ISTCN will be discussed.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过整合卫星与地面网络,应对日益增长的6G无处不在、高容量连接需求。
  • 克服卫星与地面系统在共享毫米波频段(如26–40 GHz)中面临的频谱稀缺与干扰挑战。
  • 通过先进的多址接入与动态频谱共享,提升集成卫星-地面网络的频谱效率与系统容量。
  • 为智慧城市、物联网以及工业4.0和V2X等关键应用提供无缝、全天候、全区域覆盖。
  • 开发统一的频谱共享框架,支持对空闲与繁忙频段的访问,同时对主用户造成最小干扰。

提出的方法

  • 集成非正交多址接入(NOMA),通过功率域复用允许多个用户共享同一频段。
  • 应用认知无线电(CR)技术,实现动态频谱感知与对授权地面频段的机遇式接入。
  • 在接收端采用连续干扰消除(SIC),根据信号功率电平按特定顺序解码并消除信号。
  • 在CR-NOMA中采用非连续正交频分复用(NC-OFDM),聚合非连续的空闲子载波,实现宽带传输。
  • 设计联合频谱共享策略,通过优先解码并消除卫星信号来保障地面通信性能。
  • 提出一种面向边缘用户的公平NOMA分组方案,以减少多波束卫星系统中的波束间干扰与多用户干扰。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何联合应用NOMA与CR,以在集成卫星-地面网络中最大化频谱利用率?
  • RQ2在CR-NOMA中,最优的信号解码顺序是什么,以在干扰管理与用户公平性之间取得平衡?
  • RQ3尽管存在路径损耗、阴影衰落与移动性影响,如何在LEO卫星系统中实现精确的频谱感知?
  • RQ4在卫星信道深衰落与噪声环境下,何种接收机设计技术可提升SIC性能?
  • RQ5如何将6G核心网络功能与卫星段集成,以实现无缝的全球连接?

主要发现

  • 所提出的CR-NOMA框架通过允许卫星与地面用户共享空闲与繁忙频段,实现了全频谱接入。
  • 与传统OMA相比,NOMA将频谱效率提升了5至15倍,显著提高了系统容量。
  • 基于SIC的信号解码可有效降低用户间干扰,尤其在高功率用户优先解码时效果更显著。
  • 由于大气衰落与卫星感知能力有限,特别是在LEO系统中,精确频谱感知仍具挑战。
  • 波束间干扰与多用户干扰会降低边缘用户性能,因此需要采用公平NOMA分组策略以优先保障低功率用户。
  • 采用自适应滤波与弱信号检测技术的鲁棒卫星接收机设计,对于减轻不完美SIC中的误码传播至关重要。

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