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[论文解读] Speed of adaptation and genomic footprints of host-parasite coevolution under arms race and trench warfare dynamics

Aurélien Tellier, Stefany Moreno-Gámez|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 25, 2013
Evolution and Genetic Dynamics参考文献 45被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究采用具有突变和遗传漂变的单倍体基因对基因协同进化模型,比较宿主-寄生生物系统中军备竞赛与堑壕战动力学。与传统观点相反,堑壕战并不一定导致更快的协同进化循环;相反,平衡选择的基因组痕迹极为罕见,仅在有效种群规模较大且长期选择的条件下,才可在寄生生物基因组中检测到,表明病原体基因组在检测协同进化痕迹方面更具信息量。

ABSTRACT

Coevolution is expected to follow two alternative dynamics, often called trench warfare and arms races in plant-pathogen systems. Trench warfare situations are stable cycles of allele frequencies at the coevolving loci of both host and parasite, and it is predicted that the loci will show molecular evolutionary signatures of balancing selection, while arms races involve successive selective sweeps at the interacting loci. We study a haploid gene-for-gene model that includes mutation and genetic drift due to finite population size. We study the outcomes under different coevolutionary parameters to quantify the frequency of fixation of alleles, i.e. occurrence of an arms race dynamics. We find that contrary to the conventional wisdom, trench warfare situations do not imply larger numbers of coevolutionary cycles per unit time than arms races. Therefore, one cannot infer the nature of the dynamics in such systems based on the speed of coevolution estimated from cycle times. We subsequently perform coalescent simulations to generate sequences at the host and parasite loci. We ask whether the signatures expected under balancing selection or selective sweeps (unexpectedly high or low diversity, and high or low Tajima D values, respectively) are likely to be observable in genomic data. Genomic footprints of recurrent selective sweeps are often found, whereas trench warfare yields signatures of balancing selection only in parasite sequences, and only in a limited parameter space with high effective population sizes and long-term selection. Therefore, the existence of a deterministic polymorphic equilibrium does not imply long-term trench warfare necessary for the signature of balancing selection to be observed in the coevolving genes sequence. Our results suggest that to search for signatures of coevolution via population genomics, it is best to study pathogen rather than host genomes.

研究动机与目标

  • 探究堑壕战动力学是否比军备竞赛产生更频繁的协同进化循环。
  • 评估在堑壕战条件下,平衡选择的基因组特征(如高Tajima's D值、中等多样性)是否可在宿主和寄生生物基因组中可靠检测。
  • 确定在何种条件下,选择性清除(军备竞赛特征)或平衡选择(堑壕战特征)会在群体基因组数据中留下可观测的痕迹。
  • 评估宿主基因组与寄生生物基因组在通过群体基因组学检测协同进化历史方面的实用性。

提出的方法

  • 使用单倍体基因对基因模型模拟宿主与寄生生物的相互作用,考虑突变和有限种群规模的影响。
  • 通过随机模拟追踪等位基因固定速率,以量化选择性清除的频率,从而指示军备竞赛动力学。
  • 通过共祖先模拟在不同参数下生成宿主和寄生生物位点的中性及协同进化序列数据。
  • 计算群体遗传总结统计量(如Tajima's D、核苷酸多样性),以检测平衡选择或选择性清除的痕迹。
  • 通过参数扫描改变有效种群大小、选择强度和时间,评估基因组痕迹的可检测性。
  • 对宿主与寄生生物序列进行比较分析,识别出堑壕战(平衡选择)或军备竞赛(选择性清除)痕迹可被观测到的条件。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1堑壕战是否导致单位时间内比军备竞赛更频繁的协同进化循环?
  • RQ2在堑壕战条件下,平衡选择的基因组痕迹(如高Tajima's D值、中等多样性)是否可在宿主和寄生生物序列中可靠检测?
  • RQ3在何种参数条件下,寄生生物序列会表现出平衡选择的痕迹,且其出现频率如何?
  • RQ4在协同进化系统基因组数据中,选择性清除痕迹是否比平衡选择痕迹更普遍?
  • RQ5在群体基因组学研究中,病原体基因组是否比宿主基因组更具信息量,以检测协同进化的痕迹?

主要发现

  • 堑壕战并未导致单位时间内比军备竞赛更频繁的协同进化循环,挑战了关于循环速度的传统假设。
  • 宿主序列中极少观察到平衡选择的特征,仅在有效种群规模较大且长期选择的条件下,才可在寄生生物基因组中出现。
  • 反复选择性清除的基因组痕迹在宿主和寄生生物基因组中均频繁可检测,表明军备竞赛动力学更易被观测。
  • 寄生生物序列中平衡选择痕迹仅在有限的参数空间内可检测,因此在典型的经验研究中极不可能被观测到。
  • 本研究结论认为,通过群体基因组学检测协同进化痕迹时,病原体基因组比宿主基因组更具信息量。

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