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[论文解读] Spitzer-IRS spectra of disks around T Tauri stars II. PAH emission features

Vincent Geers, J.‐C. Augereau|ArXiv.org|Sep 6, 2006
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies被引用 95
一句话总结

本研究分析了54颗主序前星的Spitzer-IRS 5–35 μm光谱,至少在3颗T Tauri星和5颗Herbig Ae/Be星中检测到紧凑的多环芳烃(PAH)发射,T Tauri系统中PAH的检测率下限为8%。辐射转移建模表明,由于PAH丰度较低(比星际值低10–100倍),T Tauri盘中的PAH特征较弱,且在11.2 μm处最易检测,尤其在具有内尘环的盘中,该波段的11 μm连续谱被抑制,从而增强了特征的可探测性。

ABSTRACT

Aims: We search for PAH features towards T Tauri stars and compare them with surveys of Herbig Ae/Be stars. The presence and strength of the PAH features are interpreted with disk radiative transfer models exploring the PAH feature dependence on the incident UV radiation, PAH abundance and disk parameters. Methods: Spitzer Space Telescope 5-35 micron spectra of 54 pre-main sequence stars with disks were obtained, consisting of 38 T Tauri, 7 Herbig Ae/Be and 9 stars with unknown spectral type. Results: Compact PAH emission is detected towards at least 8 sources of which 5 are Herbig Ae/Be stars. The 11.2 micron PAH feature is detected in all of these sources, as is the 6.2 micron PAH feature where short wavelength data are available. However, the 7.7 and 8.6 micron features appear strongly in only 1 of these 4 sources. PAH emission is observed towards at least 3 T Tauri stars (8% detection rate). The lowest mass source with PAHs in our sample is T Cha (G8). All 4 sources in our sample with evidence for dust holes in their inner disk show PAH emission, increasing the feature/continuum ratio. Typical 11.2 micron line intensities are an order of magnitude lower than those observed for the more massive Herbig Ae/Be stars. Measured line fluxes indicate PAH abundances that are factors of 10-100 lower than standard interstellar values. Conversely, PAH features from disks exposed to stars with Teff<=4200K without enhanced UV are predicted to be below the current detection limit, even for high PAH abundances. Disk modeling shows that the 6.2 and 11.2 micron features are the best PAH tracers for T Tauri stars, whereas the 7.7 and 8.6 micron bands have low feature over continuum ratios due to the strongly rising silicate emission.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用Spitzer-IRS数据检测并表征低质量T Tauri星周围盘中的PAH发射特征。
  • 比较T Tauri星与更高质量的Herbig Ae/Be星之间PAH发射强度和特征的差异。
  • 通过辐射转移建模研究PAH发射对盘结构、紫外辐射场和PAH丰度的依赖性。
  • 基于恒星有效温度和盘结构,确定T Tauri盘中PAH特征的可探测性极限。
  • 评估低PAH丰度和盘形态对盘化学及加热机制的影响。

提出的方法

  • 获取54颗主序前星(包括38颗T Tauri星、7颗Herbig Ae/Be星和9颗光谱类型未知的星)的5–35 μm Spitzer-IRS光谱。
  • 通过光谱分析识别6.2、7.7、8.6、11.2和12.8 μm处的PAH发射特征,重点关注11.2 μm作为主要示踪线。
  • 应用抛物面盘的辐射转移模型,模拟在不同紫外辐射场、PAH丰度和盘结构下的PAH发射。
  • 将观测到的特征/连续谱比值与模型预测进行比较,以推断PAH丰度和盘结构。
  • 利用SED建模和空间分辨数据评估盘中PAH发射的空间范围和起源。
  • 基于恒星有效温度(T_eff)评估检测极限,模型显示即使在高PAH丰度下,T_eff < 4200 K的恒星仍无法检测到信号。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1利用Spitzer-IRS数据,在T Tauri星周围盘中检测到PAH发射特征的比率是多少?
  • RQ2T Tauri星盘中PAH特征的强度和形状与Herbig Ae/Be星相比如何?
  • RQ3盘结构(尤其是内尘环)在增强PAH特征可探测性方面起什么作用?
  • RQ4T Tauri盘中隐含的PAH丰度是多少?与标准星际值相比如何?
  • RQ5为何大多数T Tauri星中未检测到PAH特征,尤其是T_eff < 4200 K的恒星?

主要发现

  • 至少在3颗T Tauri星和5颗Herbig Ae/Be星中检测到PAH发射,T Tauri系统中PAH的检测率下限为8%。
  • 所有8个确认存在PAH发射的源均检测到11.2 μm PAH特征,而4个具有短波段覆盖的源中,4个均检测到6.2 μm特征。
  • 由于强硅酸盐连续谱遮蔽,7.7和8.6 μm特征在大多数源中微弱或缺失,因此在T Tauri盘中作为示踪线效果较差。
  • T Tauri星中测量到的11.2 μm线强度通常比Herbig Ae/Be星低一个数量级。
  • 基于与模型预测的通量比较,推断T Tauri盘中PAH丰度为标准星际值的10–100倍低。
  • 所有4颗表现出内尘环证据的T Tauri星均显示出增强的11.2 μm PAH特征/连续谱比值,表明11 μm连续谱的降低显著提升了特征的可探测性。

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