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[论文解读] Stochastic star formation and the abundance of $z>10$ UV-bright galaxies

Andrey V. Kravtsov, Vasily Belokurov|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 7, 2024
Astronomy and Astrophysical Research被引用 14
一句话总结

作者使用带受控SFR随机性的调节型星系形成模型来再现从z~5到16的UV光度函数,发现为了匹配z>10的观测,SFR波动必须随红移增加,在z=16时σ_{MUV}≈2。

ABSTRACT

We use a well-motivated galaxy formation framework to predict stellar masses, star formation rates (SFR), and ultraviolet (UV) luminosities of galaxy populations at redshifts $z\in 5-16$, taking into account stochasticity of SFR in a controlled manner. We demonstrate that the model can match observational estimates of UV luminosity functions (LFs) at $51$ indicating that SFR stochasticity cannot be higher. We discuss several testable consequences of the increased SFR stochasticity at $z>10$. The increase of SFR stochasticity with increasing $z$, for example, prevents steepening of UV LF and even results in some flattening of UV LF at $z\gtrsim 13$. The median stellar ages of model galaxies at $z\approx 11-16$ are predicted to decrease from $\approx 20-30$ Myr for $M_{ m UV}\gtrsim -21$ galaxies to $\approx 5-10$ Myr for brighter ones. Likewise, the scatter in median stellar age is predicted to decrease with increasing luminosity. The scatter in the ratio of star formation rates averaged over 10 and 100 Myr should increase with redshift. Fluctuations of ionizing flux should increase at $z>10$ resulting in the increasing scatter in the line fluxes and their ratios for the lines sensitive to ionization parameter.

研究动机与目标

  • 动机与测试研究爆发性、随机的恒星形成是否能解释z>10时观测到的UV-明亮星系的丰度。
  • 使用调节型(regulator-type)星系形成框架在z=5–16范围内生成恒星质量、SFR和UV光度。
  • 量化为了拟合UV光度函数所需的SFR随机性水平σΔ如何随红移演变。

提出的方法

  • 按Tinker等人(2008)的暗垒质量函数构建晕样本,以代表体积高达2000 h−1 Mpc中的晕丰富度。
  • 使用GRUMPY调节型模型在晕中填充星系,包括气体、恒星、金属丰度和喷出流。
  • 通过相关高斯过程引入受控SFR随机性,功率谱密度PSD(f) = σΔ^2 / [1 + (τbreak f)^α],固定α=2和τbreak=100 Myr。
  • 使用FSPS v3.0恒星族群合成计算在1500 Å处的UV光度,并排除尘埃和星雾发射以获得L1500和MUV。
  • 探索具有不同τsf(耗尽时间)和σΔ的模型变体,以评估它们对UV光度函数的影响,并确保与z≈5–16数据的一致性。
Figure 1: Left panel: Example star formation history of one of the model galaxies produced by the fiducial model (blue long dashed line) and star formation histories with different levels of stochasticity added ( $\sigma_{\Delta}=0.08,0.15,0.30$ shown as violet, purple, and blue lines, respectively)
Figure 1: Left panel: Example star formation history of one of the model galaxies produced by the fiducial model (blue long dashed line) and star formation histories with different levels of stochasticity added ( $\sigma_{\Delta}=0.08,0.15,0.30$ shown as violet, purple, and blue lines, respectively)

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1需要多高水平的SFR随机波动才能在z=5–10再现观测到的UV光度函数?
  • RQ2为了匹配z≈11–16的UV光度函数,所需的SFR随机性如何随红移演变?
  • RQ3带有爆发式SF的调节型星系形成模型能否再现z>10时观测到的恒星质量和SFR?
  • RQ4在高红移下SFR随机性增加的可观测后果(如MUV–M*, SFR–M*)是什么?

主要发现

  • 以σΔ ≈ 0.08的中等水平SFR随机性即可在z=5–9时匹配UV光度函数,使σMUV ≈ 0.75。
  • 要拟合z≈11–13和z≈16的UV光度函数,σΔ必须上升至≈0.15–0.25和≈0.25–0.25+?(在z=16时的对数MUV散度约为2),分别(如表1所示)。
  • 在高红移具有更高SFR随机性的模型预测,在z>12时UV光度函数趋于平坦或不再陡峭,且比当前观测更高光度的星系。
  • 在z≈11–13时的模型星系的恒星质量和SFR与现有观测结果良好一致。
  • 中位恒星年龄随光度和红移下降,从MUV ≳ −21时的约20–30 Myr到更明亮星系的约5–10 Myr(z≈11–16)。
  • 在固定M⋆的SFR散度随红移增加,且在z>10时电离通量和线比的波动增大。
Figure 2: UV luminosity functions at redshifts $z=5,6,7,8,9$ (from the top down) measured from the HST and JWST observations (points) and predicted by the model (lines). LF at each redshift is offset by the factor of $10^{6-z}$ for clarity. The dashed lines show model UV LF with the fiducial paramet
Figure 2: UV luminosity functions at redshifts $z=5,6,7,8,9$ (from the top down) measured from the HST and JWST observations (points) and predicted by the model (lines). LF at each redshift is offset by the factor of $10^{6-z}$ for clarity. The dashed lines show model UV LF with the fiducial paramet

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