[论文解读] Stochastic state estimation via incremental iterative sparse polynomial chaos based Bayesian-Gauss-Newton-Markov-Kalman filter
本文提出了一种新型的增量式迭代高斯-牛顿-马尔可夫-卡尔曼滤波器,该滤波器利用稀疏多项式混沌展开和贝叶斯估计,以提升在非线性、混沌系统中的随机状态估计性能。通过将滤波器重新表述为一种增量式、预测-校正形式,并引入伪测量和时间自适应多项式混沌,即使在高噪声和大时间步长条件下,也能实现鲁棒且无需采样的状态估计,该方法已在Lorenz-1984系统上得到验证。
In this paper is proposed a novel incremental iterative Gauss-Newton-Markov-Kalman filter method for state estimation of dynamic models given noisy measurements. The mathematical formulation of the proposed filter is based on the construction of an optimal nonlinear map between the observable and parameter (state) spaces via a convergent sequence of linear maps obtained by successive linearisation of the observation operator in a Gauss-Newton-like form. To allow automatic linearisation of the dynamical system in a sparse form, the smoother is designed in a hierarchical setting such that the forward map and its linearised counterpart are estimated in a Bayesian manner given a forecasted data set. To improve the algorithm convergence, the smoother is further reformulated in its incremental form in which the current and intermediate states are assimilated before the initial one, and the corresponding posterior estimates are taken as pseudo-measurements. As the latter ones are random variables, and not deterministic any more, the novel stochastic iterative filter is designed to take this into account. To correct the bias in the posterior outcome, the procedure is built in a predictor-corrector form in which the predictor phase is used to assimilate noisy measurement data, whereas the corrector phase is constructed to correct the mean bias. The resulting filter is further discretised via time-adapting sparse polynomial chaos expansions obtained either via modified Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation or by a carefully chosen nonlinear mapping, both of which are estimated in a Bayesian manner by promoting the sparsity of the outcomes. The time adaptive basis with non-Gaussian arguments is further mapped to the polynomial chaos one by a suitably chosen isoprobabilistic transformation. Finally, the proposed method is tested on a chaotic nonlinear Lorenz 1984 system.
研究动机与目标
- 解决传统卡尔曼滤波器在高度非线性和混沌系统中存在测量噪声时的局限性。
- 克服基于蒙特卡洛方法的贝叶斯状态估计中采样误差和收敛缓慢的问题。
- 为非线性状态估计开发一种确定性、无需采样的粒子滤波器和集合方法的替代方案。
- 通过使用增量式伪时间步进和多项式混沌的贝叶斯学习,提升状态估计的收敛性和准确性。
- 实现在高测量噪声和观测稀疏条件下,对Lorenz-84等混沌系统初始状态的鲁棒恢复。
提出的方法
- 该滤波器通过类似高斯-牛顿的形式对观测空间与状态空间之间的最优非线性映射进行逐次线性化。
- 在分层稀疏多项式混沌框架下,利用贝叶斯相关向量机估计前向映射及其线性化形式。
- 其增量形式将当前及中间状态作为伪测量进行融合,将其视为随机变量,以支持随机滤波。
- 采用预测-校正结构:预测器用于融合噪声测量,校正器则用于降低后验估计中的均值偏差。
- 通过改进的格拉姆-施密特方法或非线性等概率映射生成时间自适应的稀疏多项式混沌展开,基函数以贝叶斯方式估计。
- 该方法通过标准正态变量中的多项式混沌展开对更新方程进行离散化,实现高效且精确的计算,无需采样。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1能否使基于高斯-牛顿的迭代滤波器在混沌系统中对高非线性和测量噪声具有鲁棒性?
- RQ2在非线性状态估计中,如何在不依赖采样的前提下提升确定性滤波器的收敛性和准确性?
- RQ3在状态估计问题中,增量式伪时间步进结合贝叶斯多项式混沌能在多大程度上改善后验估计?
- RQ4一种完全确定性、无需采样的方法是否能在鲁棒性和计算效率方面超越传统粒子滤波器,用于混沌系统?
- RQ5使用稀疏、时间自适应多项式混沌结合贝叶斯学习,对状态估计中条件数学期望近似的准确性有何影响?
主要发现
- 所提出的滤波器即使在高测量噪声和大时间步长条件下,也能成功恢复混沌Lorenz-1984系统的初始状态。
- 该方法实现了无需采样的鲁棒性能,避免了基于蒙特卡洛方法固有的采样误差。
- 采用增量式伪时间步进显著提升了状态估计过程的收敛性和稳定性。
- 贝叶斯估计多项式混沌系数确保了稀疏性和自适应性,即使在低测量频率下也能保持高精度。
- 通过改进的格拉姆-施密特方法或非线性映射生成的时间自适应基函数,在不同观测间隔下仍能保持估计精度。
- 预测-校正结构有效降低了后验估计中的均值偏差,显著提升了状态重构的整体准确性。
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