[论文解读] Straub tail, the deprivation effect and addiction to aggression

N. N. Kudryavtseva|ArXiv.org|Feb 14, 2006

Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior参考文献 37被引用 9

一句话总结

本研究提出，雄性小鼠在重复获胜后会导致内源性阿片系统慢性激活，表现为Straub尾巴姿势，从而引发类似成瘾的攻击性致敏反应。在经历14天的攻击行为剥夺后，与对照组相比，获胜小鼠对吗啡的运动刺激反应更强，表明μ-阿片受体发生与成瘾致敏一致的神经适应性改变。

ABSTRACT

It has been observed that male mice who are consistently winning fights with conspecifics can raise their tail, which is very similar to a morphine-induced Straub tail response. Since this response is a typical index of opiate activation, it has been proposed that the opioidergic systems of such mice are chronically activated. This activation appeared to be a potent factor, which leads to addiction to aggression. To check this hypothesis, we exposed the mice who had won 20 fights in succession with conspecifics to a behavioral sensitization procedure. The effects of the mu-opioid receptor agonist morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the behavior of winners were examined in an open-field test before and after 5- and 14-day deprivation of aggression. Morphine had a much stronger stimulating effect on the open-field behavior of 60 % of the winners deprived of aggression for 14 days than on that of the control mice. Morphine did not stimulate behavioral activity in the winners before or after deprivation for 5 days. The aggression level in the winners was higher after than before deprivation. It has been concluded that, in the winners, the mu-opioid receptors became tolerant to the effects of morphine and became sensitized after long aggression deprivation. The development of addiction to aggression due to repeated victories is discussed in the light of the theory of addiction (Robinson,Berridge, 2003).

研究动机与目标

• 探究重复攻击胜利是否导致类似成瘾的神经化学变化。
• 检验攻击行为剥夺是否会使获胜小鼠对吗啡的反应产生行为致敏。
• 探讨μ-阿片受体在长期攻击行为后介导的行为适应性改变中的作用。
• 评估Straub尾巴反应是否可作为攻击过程中内源性阿片系统激活的可靠生物标志物。

提出的方法

• 使用连续20场与同种小鼠打斗后获胜的雄性小鼠，建立‘获胜者’表型。
• 在5天和14天攻击行为剥夺前后，对获胜小鼠和对照组小鼠腹腔注射吗啡（10 mg/kg），观察其反应。
• 通过开放场测试测量行为活动，评估小鼠对吗啡的运动反应。
• 监测Straub尾巴姿势的存在，作为阿片系统激活的指标。
• 比较剥夺与非剥夺的获胜小鼠及对照组之间吗啡诱导的行为变化。
• 分析剥夺前后攻击水平的变化，评估行为致敏情况。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 雄性小鼠长期获胜是否导致内源性阿片系统激活，表现为Straub尾巴姿势？
• RQ2 攻击行为剥夺是否会使获胜小鼠对吗啡的反应产生行为致敏？
• RQ3 在长期攻击行为剥夺后，获胜小鼠的μ-阿片受体是否表现出耐受与致敏现象？
• RQ4 吗啡诱导的运动活动与剥夺后攻击水平之间是否存在相关性？
• RQ5 观察到的行为致敏是否可用成瘾理论（Robinson & Berridge, 2003）解释？

主要发现

• 在14天攻击行为剥夺后，60%的获胜小鼠表现出比对照组更强的吗啡诱导的开放场活动增加，差异显著。
• 在5天剥夺前后，吗啡均未引起获胜小鼠的行为活动增加，表明存在暂时性耐受。
• 在14天剥夺后，获胜小鼠的攻击水平高于剥夺前，提示行为致敏。
• 长期剥夺后对吗啡的致敏反应表明μ-阿片受体功能发生神经适应性改变。
• 获胜小鼠出现的Straub尾巴反应支持了重复胜利后内源性阿片系统慢性激活的假设。
• 研究结果与成瘾理论一致，显示出致敏及与奖赏系统失调一致的神经化学改变。