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[论文解读] Strengthening magnesium by design: integrating alloying and dynamic processing

Suhas Eswarappa Prameela, Peng Yi|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 11, 2021
Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications被引用 6
一句话总结

本文提出一种通过整合合金化与动态热机械加工来控制溶质团簇和析出相的镁合金强化设计策略。通过利用形变诱导形核(DIP),可在低温下实现细小、高密度的析出相,从而通过位错与孪晶协同阻碍机制显著提升强度。

ABSTRACT

Magnesium (Mg) has the lowest density of all structural metals and has excellent potential for wide use in structural applications. While pure Mg has inferior mechanical properties; the addition of further elements at various concentrations has produced alloys with enhanced mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. An important consequence of adding such elements is that the saturated Mg matrix can locally decompose to form solute clusters and intermetallic particles, often referred to as precipitates. Controlling the shape, number density, volume fraction, and spatial distribution of solute clusters and precipitates significantly impacts the alloy's plastic response. Conversely, plastic deformation during thermomechanical processing can dramatically impact solute clustering and precipitation. In this paper, we first discuss how solute atoms, solute clusters, and precipitates can improve the mechanical properties of Mg alloys. We do so by primarily comparing three alloy systems: Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, and Mg-Y-based alloys. In the second part, we provide strategies for optimizing such microstructures by controlling nucleation and growth of solute clusters and precipitates during thermomechanical processing. In the third part, we briefly highlight how one can enable inverse design of Mg alloys by a more robust Integrated Computational Materials Design (ICMD) approach.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决因HCP晶体结构导致的塑性变形固有局限性,实现用于结构应用的高强轻质镁合金。
  • 识别并优化控制镁-铝、镁-锌和镁-钇体系中强化行为的关键微观结构特征——溶质原子、团簇和析出相。
  • 建立加工-结构-性能框架,通过动态缺陷工程精确控制析出相的形核与生长。
  • 通过集成计算材料设计(ICMD)方法,基于多尺度模拟与实验验证,实现镁合金的逆向设计。

提出的方法

  • 采用分子动力学(MD)和蒙特卡洛(MC)模拟,在原子尺度上模拟溶质团簇化与析出相动力学。
  • 应用经典形核理论(CNT)和Cottrell-Eshelby模型,量化位错与空位在异质形核中的作用。
  • 应用形变诱导析出(DIP)技术,在低温下注入位错与空位,加速形核并细化析出相尺寸。
  • 结合原子探针透射显微术(APT)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和小角X射线散射(SAXS)等实验技术,定量分析缺陷与析出相分布。
  • 开发统一的ICMD框架,耦合结构-性能关系与加工-结构关系,实现逆向合金设计。
  • 利用晶体塑性与位错动力学(DD)模型,模拟不同溶质与析出相条件下滑移与孪生行为。
Figure 1: Comparison of pre- and post-heat treatment yield strengths of selected commercial Mg and Al alloys [Committee et al., 1990 , Bauccio et al., 1993 , John M. Holt, 1996 , Avedesian et al., 1999 , Association, 2015 , Association et al., 2000 ] .
Figure 1: Comparison of pre- and post-heat treatment yield strengths of selected commercial Mg and Al alloys [Committee et al., 1990 , Bauccio et al., 1993 , John M. Holt, 1996 , Avedesian et al., 1999 , Association, 2015 , Association et al., 2000 ] .

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1溶质原子、团簇与析出相如何与HCP镁中的位错和孪晶相互作用,从而影响塑性变形?
  • RQ2在热机械加工下,特别是通过缺陷介导的异质形核机制,纳米析出相的增强形核机制是什么?
  • RQ3如何优化形变诱导析出(DIP)以实现在低温下高体积分数、细尺度析出相?
  • RQ4溶质化学成分、浓度与温度在决定镁合金屈服强度与加工硬化响应中的作用是什么?
  • RQ5如何建立集成计算材料设计(ICMD)框架,以实现高性能镁合金的逆向设计?

主要发现

  • 形变诱导析出(DIP)通过利用位错与空位作为形核位点,显著提升形核动力学,即使在低温下也能实现细小析出相。
  • 在Mg-Al、Mg-Zn和Mg-Y合金中,溶质团簇与析出相主要通过位错钉扎与孪晶界阻碍机制强化基体,析出相间距(λe)与体积分数(f)是关键参数。
  • 由于溶质团簇与析出相强化,滑移的临界 resolved shear stress(CRSS)最高可提高200 MPa,尤其在Mg-Y与Mg-Zn体系中表现显著。
  • 位错密度(ρ)与空位浓度是异质形核的关键驱动力,DIP使形核速率相比均相形核提高数个数量级。
  • ICMD框架通过验证的多尺度模型,将加工参数(如应变速率、温度)与微观结构演化及力学响应相联系,实现预测性设计。
  • 通过APT与TEM的实验验证表明,DIP生成的析出相平均直径低于10 nm,间距低于20 nm,从而实现最大强化效率。
Figure 2: CRSS for slip and twinning systems for pure Mg single-crystals. Data adapted from Nie et al. [ 2020a ]
Figure 2: CRSS for slip and twinning systems for pure Mg single-crystals. Data adapted from Nie et al. [ 2020a ]

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