[论文解读] Struct-MRT: Immersive Learning and Teaching of Design and Verification in Structural Civil Engineering using Mixed Reality

Michael Kraus, Irfan Čustović+1 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 1, 2021

BIM and Construction Integration被引用 2

一句话总结

本文提出 Struct-MRT，一种基于 iOS 设备 ARKit 的混合现实（MR）应用，用于在土木工程教育中沉浸式教学结构设计与验证。该应用使学生能够通过逐步显示的验证公式，交互式探索钢筋混凝土牛腿和钢框架的缩放 3D 模型，显著提升了用户在可用性、愉悦感和教育意图方面的感知，尤其对初学者用户而言，其参与度明显提高。

ABSTRACT

Our goal is to transform traditional paper-based instruction into an immersive lesson. This paper presents the conception, workflow and deployment of two MR applications for verification of typical yet geometrically complex structural members: a reinforced concrete corbel and a steel frame. The aim of this research is threefold: (i) to develop and implement the technological feasibility of such applications, (ii) to demonstrate possible use cases in the context of structural engineering lectures and (iii) to evaluate the presented MR examples and the future potential of such MR applications in structural engineering lectures through a survey. The workflow and MR teaching applications were developed with Apple's ARKit. The verification process was reproduced in the MR applications based on conventional exercises taught on paper. Users can navigate independently through the applications and review every single step, including a true-to-scale, spatial representation of the specific component as well as associated verification formulas in the respective step. The applications were used to assess the demand and expectations for immersive teaching techniques among students and instructors through a survey. The participants were asked to test the MR applications on their devices or watch pre-recorded video demonstrations, afterwards perception was elicited through a questionnaire. The results of subsequent data analysis show generally positive judgement of the MR application over the six questioned categories (style, usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment, attitude as well as intention towards using). The statistical analysis revealed (positivity) biases for users with prior XR experience w.r.t. to usage and navigation, while inexperienced users underlined increased enjoyment or excitement with this learning format. The outlook covers identified shortcomings and future developments in this field.

研究动机与目标

• 开发并验证一种在结构工程教育中技术可行的混合现实教学工具。
• 展示 MR 在教学复杂结构验证任务中的实际应用场景。
• 通过 89 名参与者的调查，评估学生和教师对基于 MR 的结构工程学习的感知。

提出的方法

• MR 应用使用 Apple 的 ARKit 开发，原生部署于 iPhone 和 iPad。
• 创建了真实、按真实比例的钢筋混凝土牛腿和钢框架的 3D 模型，用于交互式探索。
• 将结构验证过程的每一步编码为交互式数字图层，上下文显示公式和物理行为。
• 通过实际操作或视频演示，对 89 名土木工程专业学生和教师进行了应用测试。
• 问卷调查评估了六个维度的感知：风格、实用性、易用性、愉悦感、态度和使用意愿。
• 研究采用统计分析方法，识别基于先前 XR 经验的感知差异。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 混合现实如何在技术上实现，以支持结构工程教育中的沉浸式学习？
• RQ2 使用 MR 应用教学结构设计与验证，其感知到的优势与挑战是什么？
• RQ3 具有不同 XR 经验水平的学生在可用性、愉悦感和基于 MR 的学习工具教育价值方面的感知有何差异？

主要发现

• 大多数参与者在六个评估维度（风格、实用性、易用性、愉悦感、态度和使用意愿）上均对 MR 应用持积极评价。
• 具有先前 XR 经验的学生在导航和使用方面表现出更高的自信，表明初学者可能存在学习曲线。
• 初学者用户报告的愉悦感和兴奋感显著高于有经验用户，表明 MR 可增强内在动机。
• 调查结果表明，MR 具有显著潜力，可通过将抽象公式与空间化、具象化表示相联系，提升概念理解。
• 本研究证实，MR 应用可有效支持结构工程教育中的个体学习与协作学习。
• 作者指出，未来研究需关注教学整合、媒体素养以及 XR 教育中的伦理问题。