[论文解读] Studying Gender In Conference Talks - Data From The 223Rd Meeting Of The American Astronomical Society
本研究通过针对AAS第223次会议中225场演讲的非正式调查,分析了演讲者与提问者中的性别代表性。研究发现,尽管演讲者与参会者性别比例均衡,但女性在提问者中仍处于代表性不足的状态,尤其是在由男性主持的会议中,这表明存在与资历和主持人性别相关的隐性偏见。
We present a study on the gender balance, in speakers and attendees, at the recent major astronomical conference, the American Astronomical Society meeting 223, in Washington, DC. We conducted an informal survey, yielding over 300 responses by volunteers at the meeting. Each response included gender data about a single talk given at the meeting, recording the gender of the speaker and all question-askers. In total, 225 individual AAS talks were sampled. We analyze basic statistical properties of this sample. We find that the gender ratio of the speakers closely matched the gender ratio of the conference attendees. The audience asked an average of 2.8 questions per talk. Talks given by women had a slightly higher number of questions asked (3.2±0.2) than talks given by men (2.6±0.1). The most significant result from this study is that while the gender ratio of speakers very closely mirrors that of conference attendees, women are under-represented in the question-asker category. We interpret this to be an age-effect, as senior scientists may be more likely to ask questions, and are more commonly men. A strong dependence on the gender of session chairs is found, whereby women ask disproportionately fewer questions in sessions chaired by men. While our results point to laudable progress in gender-balanced speaker selection, we believe future surveys of this kind would help ensure that collaboration at such meetings is as inclusive as possible.
研究动机与目标
- 分析大型天文学会议中演讲者与提问者之间的性别代表性。
- 调查在演讲者选择趋于公平的情况下,性别差异是否仍持续存在于观众参与中。
- 探讨会议主持人性别对提问行为的影响。
- 评估资历或年龄相关因素是否可解释性别差异的观众参与度。
提出的方法
- 通过在AAS第223次会议上向300多名志愿者进行非正式调查收集数据。
- 每项记录包括演讲者的性别以及在单场演讲中所有提问者的性别。
- 共从会议中选取225场演讲,以确保广泛代表性。
- 通过统计分析比较按演讲者性别和主持人性别划分的每场演讲平均提问次数。
- 将演讲者与参会者的性别比例进行对比,以评估代表性的一致性。
- 研究使用描述性统计分析提问频率和模式,按性别及会议主持人身份进行分类。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1尽管演讲者性别比例均衡,会议演讲中的提问者是否存在性别失衡?
- RQ2会议主持人的性别在多大程度上影响女性提问的可能性?
- RQ3由男性和女性演讲者主持的演讲,每场平均提问次数是否存在显著差异?
- RQ4资历或年龄在多大程度上与性别相关的提问行为相关?
- RQ5演讲者的性别比例在多大程度上反映了会议参会者的性别比例?
主要发现
- AAS第223次会议中演讲者的性别比例与参会者的性别比例非常接近。
- 女性演讲者平均每场获得3.2个问题,而男性演讲者为2.6个。
- 女性在提问者中代表性不足,尤其在由男性主持的会议中更为明显。
- 发现会议主持人性别与女性提问频率之间存在显著依赖关系。
- 女性演讲者获得更多问题,可能与更多资深科学家在场有关,而资深科学家更可能提问,且以男性为主。
- 结果表明,尽管演讲者选拔正变得更加包容,但观众参与仍具有性别特征,提示需在会议互动中采取更具意识的包容性措施。
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