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[论文解读] Superconducting Diode Effect Sign Change in Epitaxial Al-InAs Josepshon Junctions

Neda Lotfizadeh, Schiela, William F.|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 3, 2023
Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism参考文献 41被引用 7
一句话总结

本研究在具有强Rashba自旋轨道耦合(SOC)的外延Al-InAs约瑟夫森结中,于面内磁场下观察到超导二极管效应(SDE)的符号反转。在窄宽度超导结($W_S = 0.15\,\mu\text{m}$)中,SDE符号反转源于低场下SOC引起的临界电流不对称性;而在宽结($W_S = 0.6\,\mu\text{m}$)中,其与$0-\pi$-类转变相关,不必然表明存在拓扑超导性。

ABSTRACT

There has recently been a surge of interest in studying the superconducting diode effect (SDE) partly due to the possibility of uncovering the intrinsic properties of a material system. A change of sign of the SDE at finite magnetic field has previously been attributed to different mechanisms. Here, we observe the SDE in epitaxial Al-InAs Josephson junctions with strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We show that this effect strongly depends on the orientation of the in-plane magnetic field. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, we observe a change of sign in the SDE. Simulation and measurement of supercurrent suggest that depending on the superconducting widths, $W_ ext{S}$, this sign change may not necessarily be related to 0--$π$ or topological transitions. We find that the strongest sign change in junctions with narrow $W_ ext{S}$ is consistent with SOC-induced asymmetry of the critical current under magnetic-field inversion, while in wider $W_ ext{S}$, the sign reversal could be related to 0--$π$ transitions and topological superconductivity.

研究动机与目标

  • 研究外延Al-InAs约瑟夫森结在强Rashba自旋轨道耦合(SOC)下,超导二极管效应(SDE)对面内磁场方向的依赖性。
  • 确定此类结中SDE符号反转是否与$0-\pi$转变或拓扑超导性相关。
  • 区分自旋轨道耦合引起的临界电流不对称性与$0-\pi$-类基态相位跃迁作为SDE符号反转的起源。
  • 提出一种从临界电流最大值的磁场位移$B_*$估算Rashba SOC强度的方法。

提出的方法

  • 在分子束外延生长的Al-InAs异质结构上制备平面约瑟夫森结,超导宽度$W_S$可调,范围为0.15至1.0 $\mu$m。
  • 在垂直于电流方向的面内磁场下,测量非互易临界电流$I_c^+$和$I_c^-$。
  • 利用紧束缚模型模拟超电流与基态相位差,引入Rashba SOC和Zeeman相互作用。
  • 在低场区域对临界电流行为进行解析建模,推导出与SOC强度相关的磁场位移$B_*$表达式。
  • 将实验观测的SDE符号反转与模拟的$0-\pi$转变及在$qL = (2m+1)\pi/2$处的基态相位跃迁进行比较,其中$q$为有限动量库珀对的动量。
  • 通过$r_l = L/(2W_S + L)$对Zeeman场进行重标度,以考虑半导体区域外的磁场分布。
Figure 1: [Color online] (a) A schematic of a junction of length $L$ , width $W$ and superconducting width of $W_{S}$ fabricated on the Al-InAs heterostructure. The superconducting contacts are made of Al and the quantum well (QW) consists of a layer of InAs grown between two layers of In 0.81 Ga 0.
Figure 1: [Color online] (a) A schematic of a junction of length $L$ , width $W$ and superconducting width of $W_{S}$ fabricated on the Al-InAs heterostructure. The superconducting contacts are made of Al and the quantum well (QW) consists of a layer of InAs grown between two layers of In 0.81 Ga 0.

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在面内磁场下,Al-InAs约瑟夫森结中SDE符号反转的根本原因是什么?
  • RQ2在窄结($W_S = 0.15\,\mu\text{m}$)中观测到的SDE符号反转是否与$0-\pi$转变或拓扑超导性相关?
  • RQ3超导宽度$W_S$如何影响SDE符号反转的物理机制?
  • RQ4能否从临界电流最大值的磁场位移$B_*$中提取Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度?
  • RQ5基态相位差$\phi_{GS}$在决定SDE行为及其符号反转中起什么作用?

主要发现

  • 在窄结(JJ2,$W_S = 0.15\,\mu\text{m}$)中,于$B_y \approx \pm 0.35$ T处观测到SDE符号反转,且与$0-\pi$转变或拓扑相变无明显对应关系。
  • 窄结中SDE符号反转归因于磁场反演下SOC引起的临界电流不对称性,其对称中心位于磁场位移$B_*$处。
  • 在宽结(JJ1,$W_S = 0.6\,\mu\text{m}$)中,较高场区的SDE符号反转与$0-\pi$-类基态相位跃迁一致,预测出现在$B_y \approx \pm 0.6$ T处。
  • 数值模拟证实,$B_y \approx 1$ T处的$0-\pi$转变对应于$qL = (2m+1)\pi/2$,表明发生基态相位跃迁。
  • 通过测量临界电流最大值的$B_*$位移,成功估算出Rashba SOC强度,结果与该体系先前报道的值一致。
  • 在零磁场下SDE消失,因时间反演对称性恢复;同时在特定有限磁场下$\Delta I_c = 0$,也表明对称性恢复。
Figure 2: [Color online] Absolute value of the critical currents as a function of the in-plane magnetic field for samples JJ1 (left column) and JJ2 (right column). Top and bottom rows correspond to an in-plane magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the current, respectively. The blue circles r
Figure 2: [Color online] Absolute value of the critical currents as a function of the in-plane magnetic field for samples JJ1 (left column) and JJ2 (right column). Top and bottom rows correspond to an in-plane magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the current, respectively. The blue circles r

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