[论文解读] Syndrome-aware Herb Recommendation with Multi-Graph Convolution Network
本文提出了一种综合征感知的多图卷积网络(SMGCN),这是一种新颖的草药推荐模型,通过从症状集合中学习隐式的综合征表征,模仿中医(TCM)医师的综合征归纳过程。通过在症状-症状、症状-草药和草药-草药图上应用多图卷积网络,SMGCN 能够捕捉复杂的相互作用,并在公开的 TCM 数据集上实现最先进性能,显著优于现有方法。
Herb recommendation plays a crucial role in the therapeutic process of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), which aims to recommend a set of herbs to treat the symptoms of a patient. While several machine learning methods have been developed for herb recommendation, they are limited in modeling only the interactions between herbs and symptoms, and ignoring the intermediate process of syndrome induction. When performing TCM diagnostics, an experienced doctor typically induces syndromes from the patient's symptoms and then suggests herbs based on the induced syndromes. As such, we believe the induction of syndromes, an overall description of the symptoms, is important for herb recommendation and should be properly handled. However, due to the ambiguity and complexity of syndrome induction, most prescriptions lack the explicit ground truth of syndromes. In this paper, we propose a new method that takes the implicit syndrome induction process into account for herb recommendation. Given a set of symptoms to treat, we aim to generate an overall syndrome representation by effectively fusing the embeddings of all the symptoms in the set, to mimic how a doctor induces the syndromes. Towards symptom embedding learning, we additionally construct a symptom-symptom graph from the input prescriptions for capturing the relations between symptoms; we then build graph convolution networks(GCNs) on both symptom-symptom and symptom-herb graphs to learn symptom embedding. Similarly, we construct a herb-herb graph and build GCNs on both herb-herb and symptom-herb graphs to learn herb embedding, which is finally interacted with the syndrome representation to predict the scores of herbs. In this way, more comprehensive representations can be obtained. We conduct extensive experiments on a public TCM dataset, showing significant improvements over state-of-the-art herb recommendation methods.
研究动机与目标
- 解决现有草药推荐方法忽略中医诊断中中间综合征归纳步骤的局限性。
- 从一组症状中建模整体的综合征表征,模拟经验丰富的 TCM 医生如何从症状模式中推断综合征。
- 通过构建并利用多个异构图(症状-症状、症状-草药、草药-草药)来学习全面的症状和草药嵌入表征。
- 通过将综合征感知表征与基于多图 GCN 的嵌入表征相结合,提升草药推荐性能。
- 在真实世界的 TCM 处方数据上验证综合征表征学习与多图架构的有效性。
提出的方法
- 从处方中的共现模式构建症状-症状图,以建模症状之间的关系。
- 在症状-症状图上构建图卷积网络(GCN),以学习症状嵌入表征。
- 构建症状-草药图,并应用 GCN 学习草药嵌入表征,同时捕捉症状-草药之间的相互作用。
- 构建草药-草药图,并应用 GCN 基于草药配伍模式学习草药嵌入表征。
- 通过多层感知机(MLP)融合多个症状嵌入表征,生成整体的综合征表征。
- 将学习到的综合征表征与草药嵌入表征进行交互,以预测草药推荐得分。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1建模隐式的综合征归纳过程是否能提升 TCM 中的草药推荐性能?
- RQ2多图 GCN 架构在捕捉症状、草药与综合征之间复杂相互作用方面的有效性如何?
- RQ3从症状集合中学习综合征表征是否能带来比单独处理症状更好的泛化能力?
- RQ4不同图结构(症状-症状、症状-草药、草药-草药)对最终推荐性能的贡献如何?
- RQ5所提出的模型是否能在真实世界的 TCM 数据集上超越现有最先进草药推荐方法?
主要发现
- 所提出的 SMGCN 模型在公开 TCM 数据集上显著优于最先进草药推荐方法。
- 消融实验确认,综合征表征学习组件对模型有效性的贡献显著。
- 整合症状-症状、症状-草药与草药-草药图的多图 GCN 架构,其性能优于仅使用单一图的模型。
- 该模型在未见过的症状集合上表现出鲁棒性与泛化能力,验证了其对临床诊断推理过程的模拟效果。
- 利用多层感知机聚合症状嵌入表征以生成综合征表征,能有效捕捉整体症状模式。
- 实证结果表明,所提方法在多个评估指标(包括命中率与平均平均精度)上均优于基线模型。
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