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[论文解读] System-Level Simulator of LTE Sidelink C-V2X Communication for 5G

Donglin Wang, Raja Sattiraju|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 10, 2019
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)参考文献 4被引用 17
一句话总结

本文提出了一种符合3GPP标准的5G LTE侧链路C-V2X通信系统级仿真器,用于在高速公路场景下评估直通式车对车(V2X)传输的性能。仿真器对路径损耗、干扰、SINR和BLER进行建模,以计算分组接收率(PRR),结果表明,当交通负载降低且车头间距增加时(从5米时的80.36%提升至100米时的96.40%),PRR有所提高。

ABSTRACT

In recent years, Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything (CV2X) has been an emerging area of interest attracting both the industry and academy societies to develop, which is also a prominent emerging service for the next generation of the cellular network (5G). In the time of the development, standardization, and further improvement of 5G, so simulations are essential to test and optimize algorithms and procedures prior to their implementation process of the equipment manufactures. And CV2X communication is used for information exchange among the traffic participants with network-assisted which can reduce traffic accidents and improve traffic efficiency. Moreover, it is also the primary enabler for cooperative driving. But CV2X communication has to meet different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements (e.g., ultra-high reliability (99.999%) and ultra-low latency). Guaranteeing high-level reliability is a big challenge. In order to assess system performance, accurate simulations of simple setups, as well as simulations of more complex systems via abstracted models are necessary for the CV2X communication. For checking the performance of the C-V2X communication on a highway scenario, a system-level simulator has been implemented. And, this simulation has been carried out on the network (system-level) context. Finally, the analysis and the simulation results for the C-V2X communication are presented, which shows that different objectives can be met via system-level simulation.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发符合3GPP Release 14标准的LTE侧链路C-V2X通信系统级仿真器。
  • 在具有网络辅助资源分配的现实高速公路场景下,评估直通式V2X通信的性能。
  • 分析车头间距(IVD)和交通负载对系统级性能指标(如PRR和频谱效率)的影响。
  • 通过准确模拟超可靠性与低时延等QoS需求,为5G C-V2X系统的规划与优化提供支持。

提出的方法

  • 基于3GPP Release 14侧链路(PC5接口)实现直通式C-V2X通信的系统级仿真器,采用网络辅助资源分配(模式3)。
  • 采用自由空间路径损耗和对数距离路径损耗模型对路径损耗进行建模,参数源自3GPP TR 36.843。
  • 利用SINR公式计算接收功率、干扰和噪声功率:$SINR = \frac{P_{Rx}}{P_{inter} + P_{noise}}$,热噪声功率谱密度为-174 dBm/Hz。
  • 使用标准曲线将SINR映射至BLER,设定1%的BLER阈值以判定接收成功。
  • 将PRR定义为在通信范围内的所有接收机中BLER < 1%的比例,进行计算。
  • 通过模拟多个UE,改变其车头间距和交通负载(数据速率范围为96 Mbps至1920 Mbps),评估不同系统负载下的性能表现。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在高速公路条件下,车头间距(IVD)如何影响直通式C-V2X通信中的分组接收率(PRR)?
  • RQ2每个UE的数据速率(即交通负载)对侧链路C-V2X系统中PRR和频谱效率有何影响?
  • RQ3系统级仿真在评估C-V2X中诸如超可靠性(99.999%)和低时延等QoS需求方面,其支持程度如何?
  • RQ4在存在多个同时传输的密集V2X环境中,干扰和路径损耗如何影响SINR和BLER?

主要发现

  • 当车头间距从5米增至100米时,PRR由80.36%提升至96.40%,表明较低的车辆密度可提高接收可靠性。
  • 在固定5米车头间距下,随着交通负载降低,PRR从80%提升至91%,表明轻载条件下性能更优。
  • 在40米车头间距和240 Mbps数据速率下,PRR达到90.83%,频谱效率为4.9152 b/s/Hz,表明在中等负载下性能稳定。
  • 仿真器成功支持对可靠性与时延等QoS指标的评估,这对5G C-V2X应用至关重要。
  • 较低数据速率可启用更稳健的MCS等级,从而在高干扰环境下提升PRR和BLER性能。
  • 仿真结果证实,对路径损耗、干扰和噪声进行系统级建模,是实现C-V2X性能准确预测的关键。

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