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[论文解读] Systematic effects on the size-luminosity relation: dependence on model fitting and morphology

Mariangela Bernardi, A. Meert|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 26, 2012
Remote Sensing in Agriculture参考文献 6被引用 9
一句话总结

本研究调查了由于模型拟合选择和形态学差异导致的早型与晚型星系大小-光度(R-L)关系中的系统性偏差。利用SDSS r波段图像对Sersic和SerExp(Sersic+指数)轮廓进行拟合,发现单Sersic拟合会高估半光半径,尤其在Sersic指数n较高且B/T ≈ 0.6时更为显著;而SerExp模型揭示了R-L关系中的弯曲,表明存在两个关键质量尺度:~3×10¹⁰ M⊙ 和 ~2×10¹¹ M⊙,其中以星系核球为主导的系统表现出接近线性的R-L标度关系,而盘面则表现出显著的弯曲。

ABSTRACT

We quantify the systematics in the size-luminosity relation of galaxies in the SDSS main sample which arise from fitting different 1- and 2-component model profiles to the images. In objects brighter than L*, fitting a single Sersic profile to what is really a two-component SerExp system leads to biases: the half-light radius is increasingly overestimated as n of the fitted single component increases; it is also overestimated at B/T ~ 0.6. However, the net effect on the R-L relation is small, except for the most luminous tail, where it curves upwards towards larger sizes. We also study how this relation depends on morphological type. Our analysis is one of the first to use Bayesian-classifier derived weights, rather than hard cuts, to define morphology. Crudely, there appear to be only two relations: one for early-types (Es, S0s and Sa's) and another for late-types (Sbs and Scds). However, closer inspection shows that within the early-type sample S0s tend to be 15% smaller than Es of the same luminosity, and, among faint late types, Sbs are more than 25% smaller than Scds. Neither the early- nor the late-type relations are pure power-laws: both show significant curvature, which we quantify. However, the R-L relations of the bulges of early-types are almost pure power laws. Our analysis confirms that two mass scales are special for early-type galaxies: M* = 3e10 and 2e11 Msun. These same mass scales are also special for late types: there is almost no correlation between R and M* below the former, and almost no late-types above the latter. We also show that the intrinsic scatter around the relation decreases at large luminosity and/or stellar mass; this should provide additional constraints on models of how the most massive galaxies formed.

研究动机与目标

  • 量化由于使用单组分与双组分(SerExp)光度轮廓拟合所引起的星系大小-光度(R-L)关系中的系统性偏差。
  • 评估形态分类方法(使用贝叶斯分类器导出的权重而非硬性划分)对R-L关系的影响。
  • 确定R-L关系是否为纯幂律关系,或是否表现出与特定物理质量尺度相关的弯曲特征。
  • 检查内在离散度对光度和恒星质量的依赖性,及其对星系形成模型的启示。

提出的方法

  • 使用PyMorph软件对红移z ~ 0.1的SDSS主样本中星系的r波段图像进行Sersic和SerExp(Sersic+指数)轮廓拟合。
  • 使用贝叶斯分类器导出的权重定义形态类型(如早型与晚型),而非采用硬性形态学划分。
  • 分析早型星系(Es, S0s, Sa)、晚型星系(Sbs, Scds)及其各自组分(核球与盘面)的R-L与R-M*关系。
  • 通过统计拟合与关系图的视觉检查,量化R-L关系中的弯曲特征,并识别弯曲变化的质量尺度。
  • 比较单Sersic与SerExp拟合结果,以隔离由模型假设引入的偏差。
  • 测量R-L关系中的内在离散度随光度和恒星质量的变化,以评估对星系形成模型的约束力。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1单Sersic与SerExp模型拟合在大小-光度关系中如何影响所推导出的半光半径?
  • RQ2形态分类方法(贝叶斯权重与硬性划分)对R-L关系有何影响?
  • RQ3早型与晚型星系的R-L关系是否为纯幂律关系,还是表现出与不同物理质量尺度相关的弯曲特征?
  • RQ4在盘面主导与核球主导星系中,核球与盘面的R-L关系有何差异?
  • RQ5R-L关系中的内在离散度是否随光度或恒星质量的增加而减小?这对星系形成模型有何启示?

主要发现

  • 在拟合双组分(SerExp)系统时,单Sersic拟合会高估半光半径,尤其在Sersic指数n较高且B/T ≈ 0.6时引入显著偏差。
  • 早型星系的R-L关系并非纯幂律,而是表现出弯曲特征,存在两个明显质量尺度:~3×10¹⁰ M⊙(最大密度点)与~2×10¹¹ M⊙(干合并主导的起始点)。
  • 以核球为主导的系统表现出近乎线性的R-L关系(R ∝ L⁰.⁸⁵),而晚型星系中的盘面则表现出强烈弯曲,低质量时R-L相关性微弱。
  • 盘面的R-L关系与晚型星系总光度关系平行,但整体上移约0.1 dex,表明其结构标度不同。
  • R-L关系中的内在离散度随光度和恒星质量的增加而减小,尤其在大质量星系中更为明显,暗示对形成模型的约束更紧。
  • 在固定核球光度与速度弥散度下,R_bulge ∝ L_bulge / σ,这一标度关系无法完全由维里定理解释,提示动力学标度中仍存在未解之谜。

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