[论文解读] Taking Stock of the Present and Future of Smart Technologies for Older Adults and Caregivers

Christina Harrington, Ben Jelen+5 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 31, 2021

Technology Use by Older Adults被引用 7

一句话总结

本文倡导通过在开发的每个阶段都纳入老年人和照护者，建立有偿、多样化的顾问委员会，实现智能技术的包容性、以人为本的设计。它提倡人工智能系统增强现有的支持网络而非取代它们，强调可操作的数据和公平获取，以减少居家养老技术中的不平等。

ABSTRACT

Technology has the opportunity to assist older adults as they age in place, coordinate caregiving resources, and meet unmet needs through access to resources. Currently, older adults use consumer technologies to support everyday life, however these technologies are not always accessible or as useful as they can be. Indeed, industry has attempted to create smart home technologies with older adults as a target user group, however these solutions are often more focused on the technical aspects and are short lived. In this paper, we advocate for older adults being involved in the design process - from initial ideation to product development to deployment. We encourage federally funded researchers and industry to create compensated, diverse older adult advisory boards to address stereotypes about aging while ensuring their needs are considered. We envision artificial intelligence systems that augment resources instead of replacing them - especially in under-resourced communities. Older adults rely on their caregiver networks and community organizations for social, emotional, and physical support; thus, AI should be used to coordinate resources better and lower the burden of connecting with these resources. Although sociotechnical smart systems can help identify needs of older adults, the lack of affordable research infrastructure and translation of findings into consumer technology perpetuates inequities in designing for diverse older adults. In addition, there is a disconnect between the creation of smart sensing systems and creating understandable, actionable data for older adults and caregivers to utilize. We ultimately advocate for a well-coordinated research effort across the United States that connects older adults, caregivers, community organizations, and researchers together to catalyze innovative and practical research for all stakeholders.

研究动机与目标

• 弥合针对老年人及其照护者量身定制的可访问且可持续的智能技术方面的差距。
• 通过让老年人从构思到部署全程作为积极的共同设计者，挑战产业和研究中的偏见。
• 通过聚焦资源匮乏的社区和经济实惠的研究基础设施，减少技术获取中的不平等。
• 通过将智能传感输出转化为老年人和照护者可理解、可操作的洞察，提升数据的可用性。
• 促进研究人员、老年人、照护者和社区组织之间的跨领域合作，推动实用创新。

提出的方法

• 建立由联邦资助、有偿的多样化老年人顾问委员会，指导技术开发。
• 将老年人和照护者整合进智能技术设计的全生命周期——从构思、原型设计、测试到部署。
• 设计人工智能系统，协调并增强现有的社区和照护者资源，而非取代它们。
• 优先将基于传感器的数据转化为非技术用户可理解的清晰、可操作的信息。
• 建立协调一致的国家级研究框架，连接美国各地的研究人员、社区组织和利益相关方。
• 强调支持居家养老的社会技术系统，同时尊重社会和情感支持网络。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 如何让老年人在智能家庭技术从构思到部署的整个过程中，实现有意义且公平的参与？
• RQ2 人工智能在增强而非取代老年人现有的照护者和社区支持网络方面，可以发挥什么作用？
• RQ3 智能传感系统如何生成对老年人及其照护者而言既易懂又可操作的数据？
• RQ4 为确保资源匮乏社区中智能技术的公平获取，需要哪些结构性和基础设施方面的改变？
• RQ5 如何将研究人员、老年人和社区组织之间的跨学科合作制度化，以推动可持续创新？

主要发现

• 让老年人作为有偿、多样化的顾问委员会成员参与，可带来更具可访问性和实用性的智能技术设计。
• 当前的智能家庭技术往往因过度关注技术而缺乏以用户为中心的设计，导致使用寿命短。
• 能够协调并增强现有支持网络的人工智能系统，可减轻照护者的负担并改善资源获取。
• 传感器数据采集与向最终用户传递可操作洞察之间存在关键脱节。
• 缺乏经济实惠的研究基础设施，限制了研究成果向实际消费者技术的转化，尤其对弱势群体影响显著。
• 必须通过涵盖所有利益相关方的国家级协调研究工作，才能推动居家养老技术的公平与可持续创新。