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[论文解读] Temperature-Dependent Dielectric Function of Tantalum Nitride Formed by Atomic Layer Deposition for Tunnel Barriers in Josephson Junctions

Ekta Bhatia, Aaron Lopez Gonzalez|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 5, 2026
Surface and Thin Film Phenomena被引用 0
一句话总结

本论文在不同温度下测量并建模绝缘ALD TaN薄膜的介电函数,以评估其作为Ta基Josephson结隧道屏障的适用性,显示出绝缘行为并建立基于Tauc-Lorentz色散的模型。

ABSTRACT

We report the dielectric functions of insulating tantalum nitride (TaN) films, deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on 300 mm Si/SiO2 substrates, to demonstrate their suitability as tunnel barriers in tantalum-based Josephson junctions (JJ) for superconducting quantum circuits. The temperature-dependent ellipsometric angles were measured using ALD TaN films with nominal thicknesses of 13 nm and 25 nm at an incidence angle of 70 degrees, across photon energy ranges of 0.03 eV to 0.7 eV (80-300 K) and 0.5 eV to 6.5 eV (80-600 K). This data was used to develop a dispersion model for insulating ALD TaN films that incorporates a Tauc-Lorentz oscillator with a band gap of 1.5-1.8 eV to model the interband optical transitions. The extracted dielectric function of ALD TaN films shows an insulating behavior (mid-infrared transparency) at all temperatures and for both film thicknesses tested. ALD TaN does not exhibit infrared absorption due to free carriers, even at elevated temperatures, demonstrating its insulating nature, which is required for the tunnel barrier of the JJ in quantum applications. The results of transmission electron microscopy, including selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction are also discussed. Sputter depth-profile X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows an N/Ta ratio of ~1.2 throughout the film. The lower band gap, low roughness, and thermal stability of ALD TaN compared to AlOx suggest the possibility of fabricating JJs with thicker barriers while achieving critical current densities required for qubits, better control of thickness and composition, reduced topography, and resistance to aging.

研究动机与目标

  • 证明ALD TaN薄膜在用于Josephson结隧道屏障时,在80–600 K范围内表现出绝缘介电行为。
  • 表征ALD TaN薄膜的温度依赖光学常数与色散,以实现精确的屏障建模。
  • 开发包含带隙范围(1.5–1.8 eV)的Tauc-Lorentz振子用于带间跃迁的介电函数模型。
  • 评估ALD TaN相对于AlOx在厚度控制、粗糙度、热稳定性和抗老化方面对量子比特应用的潜在优势。
  • 将结构/成分分析与光学特性相关联,以支持材料在超导量子电路中的适用性。

提出的方法

  • 在Si/SiO2基底上对TaN薄膜(厚度13 nm和25 nm)在70°入射角下测量温度相关的椭圆偏振角。
  • 使用带带隙1.5–1.8 eV的Tauc-Lorentz振子拟合色散模型以描述带间跃迁。
  • 通过中红外透光性和在高温下不存在红外自由载流子吸收来评估绝缘行为。
  • 提供来自TEM(含选区衍射)和XRD的结构数据,以及来自溅射深度剖面的XPS(N/Ta ≈ 1.2)成分数据作为支持。
  • 将ALD TaN的性质与AlOx进行对比,讨论对更厚屏障与量子比特关键电流密度的影响。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1绝缘ALD TaN薄膜的介电函数在温度上的依赖性如何?
  • RQ2在相关温度范围内保持绝缘行为,ALD TaN是否可作为Ta基Josephson结的合适隧道屏障材料?
  • RQ3基于Tauc-Lorentz色散模型能否描述ALD TaN中的光学跃迁,其带隙应为多久?
  • RQ4与TaN薄膜的结构和成分特征相关的光学性质与热稳定性之间存在何种关联?

主要发现

  • ALD TaN薄膜在所有测试温度和厚度(13 nm和25 nm)下表现出绝缘行为,并在中红外区域具有透射性。
  • 在高温下也未观察到来自自由载流子的红外吸收,支持其作为隧道屏障的适用性。
  • 包含带隙为1.5–1.8 eV的Tauc-Lorentz振子的色散模型能充分描述带间跃迁。
  • 薄TaN薄膜显示低粗糙度和良好热稳定性,表明在实现所需临界电流密度的同时可实现更厚的屏障。
  • 溅射深度剖面的XPS显示全膜N/Ta比大约为1.2,与测得的光学行为一致。
  • TEM(含选区衍射)和XRD分析用于佐证TaN薄膜的结构性质。

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